РАДИАЦИОННО–ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫЕ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ ЛЕГКИХ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Введение. Несмотря на существующие многочисленные данные по результатам морфологических исследований легких на клеточном и тканевом уровнях в различных радиационных ситуациях, по оценке связи увеличения бронхолегочных заболеваний с величинами доз внешнего и внутреннего облучения в остром и отдалённом периодах, до настоящего времени не до конца изучена связь выявленных легочных нарушений с воздействием γ– и нейтронного излучения, не полностью доказано значение дозовых нагрузок и длительности радиационного влияния на характер выявляемой патологии, отсутствуют системные данные о морфогенезе их повреждающего действия на легкие.
Целью обзора явился анализ литературы о xapaктере морфофункциональных paccтройств в легких пpи paзных уpoвнях и типах радиационного воздействия.
Материалы и методы исследования. Для достижения поставленной цели нами проведен поиск и анализ научных публикаций. Все принятые к формированию обзора работы были индексированы в базах данных PubMed, Medline, E–library, Cyberleninka при помощи научной поисковой системы «Google Scholar». Перед началом поиска были выставлены следующие поисковые фильтры: экспериментальные исследования, выполненные на мышах и крысах, в течение последних 10 лет, опубликованные на английском, японском и русском языках, а также полные версии статей с чётко сформулированными и статистически доказанными выводами. Критериями исключения публикаций в обзор стали резюме докладов, газетные публикации и личные сообщения.
Результаты. Анализ литературных данных показал, что радиационно–индуцированные повреждения легких определяются поражением бронхов, вызывающем развитие ателектазов с последующей соединительнотканной организацией, серозно–фибринозным альвеолитом с десквамацией эпителия, поражением сосудов, с пролиферацией эндотелия, повышенной проницаемостью сосудов с выхождением белков плазмы. Следует отметить, что вторичные иммунодефицитные состояния, развивающиеся под действием радиационного фактора являются патогенетическими механизмами, реализация которых способствует формированию воспалительных и фибротических процессов в легких, обуславливающих развитие острого воспалительно–инфильтративного пневмонита и хронического фиброзирующего пневмонита.
Выводы. Полученные данные подтверждают роль ионизирующего излучения в формировании морфологических признаков, характерных для радиационно–индуцированного пневмонита и фиброза легких, являющихся формой повреждения легких, зависящая не только от дозы, но и от вида излучения. По результатам большинства ведущих исследований в области радиологии по вопросу оценки действия нейтронного излучения на легкие нет единого мнения. Таким образом, для радиобиологов и морфологов представляется несомненной актуальность продолжения исследований, посвященных изучению воздействия нейтронного излучения, оценить и сравнить степень структурных изменений в легких, что позволит разработать диагностические критерии при исследовании легких лиц, подвергавшихся воздействию различных видов ионизирующего излучения.
Дархан Е. Узбекoв¹, http://orcid.org/0000–0003–4399–460X
Масахару Хоши², http://orcid.org/0000–0001–6978–0883
Найля Ж. Чайжунусова³, http://orcid.org/0000–0002–6660–7118
Дария М. Шабдарбаева¹, http://orcid.org/0000–0001–9463–1935
Нурлан Б. Саякенoв¹, http://orcid.org/0000–0002–5082–7554
Гoсударственный медицинский университет города Семей, ¹ Кафедра патoлoгическoй анатoмии и судебнoй медицины, ³ Кафедра питания и гигиенических дисциплин, г. Семей, Казахстан;
² Университет Хиросима, Научно–исследовательский институт радиационной биологии и медицины, г. Хиросима, Япония.
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Узбекoв Д.Е., Хоши М., Чайжунусова Н.Ж., Шабдарбаева Д.М., Саякенoв Н.Б. Радиационно–индуцированные повреждения легких. Обзор литературы / / Наука и Здравоохранение. 2016. № 6. С. 160-178. Uzbеkоv D.E., Hоshi M., Chaizhunusova N.Zh., Shаbdаrbаеvа D.M., Sayakenov N.B. Radiation–induced lung injury. Literature review. Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2016, 6, pp. 160-178. Узбекoв Д.Е., Хоши М., Чайжунусова Н.Ж., Шабдарбаева Д.М., Саякенoв Н.Б. Радиация әсерінен туындаған өкпе зақымданулары. Әдебиеттерге шолу / / Ғылым және Денсаулық сақтау. 2016. № 6. Б. 160-178.Related publications:
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