MOLECULAR PATTERNS OF FOOD ALLERGY IN CHILDREN: REVIEW
Background: today molecular diagnosis is an innovative approach, used to characterize the molecular components of each allergen that participate in allergic process and includes specific IgE mediators (sIgE). In clinical practice, component diagnostics allows doctors to increase the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis, choose effective therapy and perform a prognosis of the disease.
Aim of the study: to analyze published data regarding the prevalence and patterns of food allergies in children of different ages.
Search strategy: Search for scientific publications in the search engines PubMed, Cochrane Library, GoogleScholar, GoogleAcademia, in the electronic scientific library eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka. Inclusion criteria: publications of Kazakhstan authors, as well as scientific works from closest and far abroad; full-text epidemiological and clinical studies; the search depth was 10 years (2010-2020) due to the importance of revealing the sequence of specific molecular allergy diagnosis historical development. The study was carried out by next keywords searching: molecular allergy diagnosis, food allergy, major food allergens, specific IgE. Preference was given to works with a high-quality design, such as cohort studies, systematic reviews, meta-analysis. In case of absence, the results of cross-sectional studies were taken into account. Our analysis included 56 works.
Results: molecular allergological diagnosis is an important step in improving the accuracy of determination of IgE-mediated sensitization in food allergies. The ability to correctly identify and characterize individual allergens at the molecular level leads to a clear understanding of mechanisms in food sensitization.
Conclusions: New insights and trends regarding the sensitization process have been identified, new possibilities and effectiveness of specific immunotherapy using recombinant allergens have been identified.
Kristina G. Vlashenyuk, Marina A. Morenko,
Saule M. Zhumambayeva, Rafail I. Rozenson
1 NJSC "Astana Medical University", Department of children diseases №1,
Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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6. Baroglio C., Giuffrida M.G., Cantisani A., Napolitano L., Bertino E., Fabris C., Conti A. Evidence for a common epitope between bovine alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin // Biol Chem 2014. N 379. P. 1453-1456.
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8. Bloom K.A., Huang F.R., Bencharitiwong R., et al. Effect of heat treatment on milk and egg proteins allergenicity // Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014. N 25 (8). P. 740‐746.
9. Boyce J.A., Assa'ad A., Burks A.W., et al. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: summary of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel report // J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(1):17-27.
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11. Caubet J.C., Kondo Y., Urisu A., Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Molecular diagnosis of egg allergy // Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011. N 11(3). P. 210‐215.
12. Caubet J.C., Wang J. Current understanding of egg allergy // Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011. N. 58. (2). P. 427-xi.
13. Chang C., Lahti T., Tanaka T., Nickerson M.T. Egg proteins: fractionation, bioactive peptides and allergenicity // J Sci Food Agric. 2018. N 98. (15). P. 5547-5558.
14. Chipps B.E. Update in pediatric anaphylaxis: a systematic review // Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2013. N 6. P. 451–461
15. Chruszcz M., Kapingidza A.B., Dolamore C., Kowal K. A robust method for the estimation and visualization of IgE cross-reactivity likelihood between allergens belonging to the same protein family // PLoS One. 2018. N. 13. (11). P, e0208276.
16. Ebisawa M., Shibata R., Sato S., Borres M.P., Ito K. Clinical utility of IgE antibodies to ω-5 gliadin in the diagnosis of wheat allergy: a pediatric multicenter challenge study // Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012. N 158(1). P. 71‐76.
17. Ferreira F., Wolf M., Wallner M. Molecular approach to allergy diagnosis and therapy // Yonsei Med J. 2014. N 55(4) P. 839‐852.
18. García B.E., Lizaso M.T. Cross-reactivity Syndromes in Food Allergy // J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011. N 21. Р. 162-170.
19. Glaumann S., Nopp A., Johansson S.G., Rudengren M., Borres M.P., Nilsson C. Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity, CD-sens, IgE-sensitization and DBPCFC in peanut-sensitized children // Allergy. 2012. N 67(2). P. 242‐247.
20. Hemmer W., Klug C., Swoboda I. Update on the bird-egg syndrome and genuine poultry meat allergy // Allergo J Int. 2016. N. 25. P. 68-75.
21. Hu Y., Chen J., Li H. Comparison of food allergy prevalence among Chinese infants in Chongqing, 2009 versus 1999 // Pediatr Int 2010. N 52. P. 820-824.
22. Iweala O.I., Choudhary S.K., Commins S.P. Food Allergy // Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2018 N20 (5) P. 17.
23. Jackson K.D., Howie L.D., Akinbami L.J. Trends in allergic conditions among children: United States, 1997-2011 // NCHS Data Brief. 2013. N 121. P. 1‐8.
24. Jakob T., Forstenlechner P., Matricardi P., Kleine-Tebbe J. Molecular allergy diagnostics using multiplex assays: methodological and practical considerations for use in research and clinical routine: Part 21 of the Series Molecular Allergology // Allergo J Int. 2015. N 24. P. 320-332.
25. Julie Wang., Jing Lin. et al. Correlation of IgE/IgG4 milk epitopes and affinity of milk-specific IgE antibodies with different phenotypes of clinical milk allergy // Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010. N 125 (3). P. 695–702.
26. Keet C.A., Savage J.H., Seopaul S., Peng R.D., Wood R.A., Matsui E.C. Temporal trends and racial/ethnic disparity in self-reported pediatric food allergy in the United States // Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;112(3):222-229.e3.
27. Linhart B., Freidl R., Elisyutina O., Khaitov M., Karaulov A., Valenta R. Molecular Approaches for Diagnosis, Therapy and Prevention of Cow´s Milk Allergy // Nutrients. 2019. N. 11(7). P. 1492.
28. Longo G., Berti I., Burks A.W., Krauss B., Barbi E. IgE-mediated food allergy in children // Lancet. 2013. N 382(9905). P.1656‐1664.
29. Maryniak N.Z., Hansen E.B., Ballegaard A.R., Sancho A.I., Bøgh K.L. Comparison of the Allergenicity and Immunogenicity of Camel and Cow's Milk-A Study in Brown Norway Rats // Nutrients. 2018. N. 10 (12). P. 1903.
30. Matricardi P.M., Kleine-Tebbe J., Hoffmann H.J., et al. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide // Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016. N 27 (Suppl 23). P. 1‐250.
31. Melioli G., Canonica G.W., Compalati E., Bonini S. The added value of allergen microarray technique to the management of poly-sensitized allergic patients // Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2012. N12. P. 434-439.
32. Moonesinghe H., Mackenzie H., Venter C., et al. Prevalence of fish and shellfish allergy: A systematic review // Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016. N117(3). P. 264‐272.
33. Muraro A., Werfel T., Hoffmann-Sommergruber K., et al. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: diagnosis and management of food allergy // Allergy. 2014. N 69 (8). P. 1008‐1025.
34. Nurmatov U., Dhami S., Arasi S., et al. Allergen immunotherapy for IgE-mediated food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Allergy. 2017. N 72 (8). P. 1133‐1147.
35. Nwaru B.I., Hickstein L., Panesar S.S., et al. Prevalence of common food allergies in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Allergy. 2014. N 69 (8). P. 992‐1007.
36. Pekar J., Ret D., Untersmayr E. Stability of allergens // Mol Immunol. 2018;100:14‐20.
37. Pomés A., Davies J.M., Gadermaier G., et al. WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature: Providing a common language // Mol Immunol. 2018. N. 100. P. 3-13.
38. Popescu F.D. Cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and food allergens // World J Methodol. 2015. N 5(2). P.31‐50.
39. Pree I., Valenta R. et al. Inhibition of CD23-dependent facilitated allergen binding to B cells following vaccination with genetically modified hypoallergenic Bet v 1 molecules // Clin Exp Allergy. 2010. N 40. P. 1346-1352.
40. Ricci G., Andreozzi L., Cipriani F., Giannetti A., Gallucci M., Caffarelli C. Wheat Allergy in Children: A Comprehensive Update // Medicina (Kaunas). 2019. N 55(7). P. 400.
41. Schocker F., Kull S., Schwager C., Behrends J., Jappe U. Individual Sensitization Pattern Recognition to Cow's Milk and Human Milk Differs for Various Clinical Manifestations of Milk Allergy // Nutrients. 2019. N 11(6). P. 1331.
42. Scott H.S. Food allergies // Medicine Allergology and Immunology. 2009. N 28. P. 211-219.
43. Sicherer S.H., Sampson H.A. Food allergy: A review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management // J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018. N 141(1). P. 41‐58.
44. Siqueiros-Cendón T., Arévalo-Gallegos S., Iglesias-Figueroa B.F., García-Montoya I.A., Salazar-Martínez J., Rascón-Cruz Q. Immunomodulatory effects of lactoferrin // Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2014. N. 35. (5). P. 557-566.
45. Tan J.W., Joshi P. Egg allergy: an update // J. Paediatr. Child Health. 2014. N 50 (1). P. 11–50.
46. Tripodi S., Frediani T., Lucarelli S., Macri F. et al. Molecular profiles of IgE to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy: Implications for specific immunotherapy // J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2012. N 129. P. 834-839.
47. Tscheppe A., Breiteneder H. Recombinant Allergens in Structural Biology, Diagnosis, and Immunotherapy // Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2017. № 172. (4). P. 187-202.
48. Umasunthar T., Leonardi-Bee J., Hodes M., et al. The incidence of food anaphylaxis in people with food allergies: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Clin Exp Allergy 2013. N 43. P.1333-1341.
49. Urisu A., Kondo Y., Tsuge I. Hen's Egg Allergy. // Chem Immunol Allergy. 2015. N. 101. P. 124-130.
50. Valenta R., Karaulov A., Niederberger V., et al. Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy // Adv Immunol. 2018. N 138. P. 195-256.
51. Valenta R., Campana R., Focke-Tejkl M. Vaccine development for allergen-specific immunotherapy based on recombinant allergens and synthetic allergen peptides: Lessons from the past and novel mechanisms of action for the future // J Allergy Clin Immunol. – 2016. N 137 (2). P. 351-357.
52. Valenta R., Lidholm J., Ferreira F. et al. From allergen genes to allergy vaccines // Annu Rev Immunol. 2010. N 28. P. 211-241.
53. van Zuuren E.J., Terreehorst I., Tupker R.A., Hiemstra P.S., Akkerdaas J.H. Anaphylaxis after consuming soy products in patients with birch pollinosis // Allergy. 2010. N 65(10). P. 1348‐1349.
54. Willits E.K., Park M.A., Hartz M.F., Schleck C.D., Weaver A.L., Joshi A.Y. Food allergy: a comprehensive population-based cohort study // Mayo Clin Proc. 2018. N 93. P. 1423-1430.
55. Zhernov Y., Curin M., Khaitov M., Karaulov A., Valenta R. Recombinant allergens for immunotherapy: state of the art // Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019. N 19(4). P. 402‐414.
56. Zijlstra W.T., Flinterman A.E., Soeters L., et al. Parental anxiety before and after food challenges in children with suspected peanut and hazelnut allergy // Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010. N 21(2). P. 439‐445.
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7. Blankestijn M.A., Remington B.C., Houben G.F., et al. Threshold Dose Distribution in Walnut Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017. N5 (2). P. 376‐380.
8. Bloom K.A., Huang F.R., Bencharitiwong R., et al. Effect of heat treatment on milk and egg proteins allergenicity. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014. N 25 (8). P. 740‐746.
9. Boyce J.A., Assa'ad A., Burks A.W., et al. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: summary of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel report. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(1):17-27.
10. Bunyavanich S., Rifas-Shiman S.L., Platts-Mills T.A., et al. Peanut allergy prevalence among school-age children in a US cohort not selected for any disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014. N 134 (3). P. 753‐755.
11. Caubet J.C., Kondo Y., Urisu A., Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Molecular diagnosis of egg allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011. N 11(3). P. 210‐215.
12. Caubet J.C., Wang J. Current understanding of egg allergy. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011. N. 58. (2). P. 427-xi.
13. Chang C., Lahti T., Tanaka T., Nickerson M.T. Egg proteins: fractionation, bioactive peptides and allergenicity. J Sci Food Agric. 2018. N 98. (15). P. 5547-5558.
14. Chipps B.E. Update in pediatric anaphylaxis: a systematic review. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2013. N 6. P. 451–461
15. Chruszcz M., Kapingidza A.B., Dolamore C., Kowal K. A robust method for the estimation and visualization of IgE cross-reactivity likelihood between allergens belonging to the same protein family. PLoS One. 2018. N. 13. (11). P, e0208276.
16. Ebisawa M., Shibata R., Sato S., Borres M.P., Ito K. Clinical utility of IgE antibodies to ω-5 gliadin in the diagnosis of wheat allergy: a pediatric multicenter challenge study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012. N 158(1). P. 71‐76.
17. Ferreira F., Wolf M., Wallner M. Molecular approach to allergy diagnosis and therapy. Yonsei Med J. 2014. N 55(4) P. 839‐852.
18. García B.E., Lizaso M.T. Cross-reactivity Syndromes in Food Allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011. N 21. Р. 162-170.
19. Glaumann S., Nopp A., Johansson S.G., Rudengren M., Borres M.P., Nilsson C. Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity, CD-sens, IgE-sensitization and DBPCFC in peanut-sensitized children. Allergy. 2012. N 67(2). P. 242‐247.
20. Hemmer W., Klug C., Swoboda I. Update on the bird-egg syndrome and genuine poultry meat allergy. Allergo J Int. 2016. N. 25. P. 68-75.
21. Hu Y., Chen J., Li H. Comparison of food allergy prevalence among Chinese infants in Chongqing, 2009 versus 1999. Pediatr Int 2010. N 52. P. 820-824.
22. Iweala O.I., Choudhary S.K., Commins S.P. Food Allergy. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2018 N20 (5) P. 17.
23. Jackson K.D., Howie L.D., Akinbami L.J. Trends in allergic conditions among children: United States, 1997-2011. NCHS Data Brief. 2013. N 121. P. 1‐8.
24. Jakob T., Forstenlechner P., Matricardi P., Kleine-Tebbe J. Molecular allergy diagnostics using multiplex assays: methodological and practical considerations for use in research and clinical routine: Part 21 of the Series Molecular Allergology. Allergo J Int. 2015. N 24. P. 320-332.
25. Julie Wang., Jing Lin. et al. Correlation of IgE/IgG4 milk epitopes and affinity of milk-specific IgE antibodies with different phenotypes of clinical milk allergy. Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010. N 125 (3). P. 695–702.
26. Keet C.A., Savage J.H., Seopaul S., Peng R.D., Wood R.A., Matsui E.C. Temporal trends and racial/ethnic disparity in self-reported pediatric food allergy in the United States. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;112(3):222-229.e3.
27. Linhart B., Freidl R., Elisyutina O., Khaitov M., Karaulov A., Valenta R. Molecular Approaches for Diagnosis, Therapy and Prevention of Cow´s Milk Allergy. Nutrients. 2019. N. 11(7). P. 1492.
28. Longo G., Berti I., Burks A.W., Krauss B., Barbi E. IgE-mediated food allergy in children. Lancet. 2013. N 382(9905). P.1656‐1664.
29. Maryniak N.Z., Hansen E.B., Ballegaard A.R., Sancho A.I., Bøgh K.L. Comparison of the Allergenicity and Immunogenicity of Camel and Cow's Milk-A Study in Brown Norway Rats. Nutrients. 2018. N. 10 (12). P. 1903.
30. Matricardi P.M., Kleine-Tebbe J., Hoffmann H.J., et al. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016. N 27 (Suppl 23). P. 1‐250.
31. Melioli G., Canonica G.W., Compalati E., Bonini S. The added value of allergen microarray technique to the management of poly-sensitized allergic patients. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2012. N12. P. 434-439.
32. Moonesinghe H., Mackenzie H., Venter C., et al. Prevalence of fish and shellfish allergy: A systematic review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016. N117(3). P. 264‐272.
33. Muraro A., Werfel T., Hoffmann-Sommergruber K., et al. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: diagnosis and management of food allergy. Allergy. 2014. N 69 (8). P. 1008‐1025.
34. Nurmatov U., Dhami S., Arasi S., et al. Allergen immunotherapy for IgE-mediated food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2017. N 72 (8). P. 1133‐1147.
35. Nwaru B.I., Hickstein L., Panesar S.S., et al. Prevalence of common food allergies in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014. N 69 (8). P. 992‐1007.
36. Pekar J., Ret D., Untersmayr E. Stability of allergens. Mol Immunol. 2018;100:14‐20.
37. Pomés A., Davies J.M., Gadermaier G., et al. WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature: Providing a common language. Mol Immunol. 2018. N. 100. P. 3-13.
38. Popescu F.D. Cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and food allergens. World J Methodol. 2015. N 5(2). P.31‐50.
39. Pree I., Valenta R. et al. Inhibition of CD23-dependent facilitated allergen binding to B cells following vaccination with genetically modified hypoallergenic Bet v 1 molecules. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010. N 40. P. 1346-1352.
40. Ricci G., Andreozzi L., Cipriani F., Giannetti A., Gallucci M., Caffarelli C. Wheat Allergy in Children: A Comprehensive Update. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019. N 55(7). P. 400.
41. Schocker F., Kull S., Schwager C., Behrends J., Jappe U. Individual Sensitization Pattern Recognition to Cow's Milk and Human Milk Differs for Various Clinical Manifestations of Milk Allergy. Nutrients. 2019. N 11(6). P. 1331.
42. Scott H.S. Food allergies. Medicine Allergology and Immunology. 2009. N 28. P. 211-219.
43. Sicherer S.H., Sampson H.A. Food allergy: A review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018. N 141(1). P. 41‐58.
44. Siqueiros-Cendón T., Arévalo-Gallegos S., Iglesias-Figueroa B.F., García-Montoya I.A., Salazar-Martínez J., Rascón-Cruz Q. Immunomodulatory effects of lactoferrin. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2014. N. 35. (5). P. 557-566.
45. Tan J.W., Joshi P. Egg allergy: an update. J. Paediatr. Child Health. 2014. N 50 (1). P. 11–50.
46. Tripodi S., Frediani T., Lucarelli S., Macri F. et al. Molecular profiles of IgE to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy: Implications for specific immunotherapy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2012. N 129. P. 834-839.
47. Tscheppe A., Breiteneder H. Recombinant Allergens in Structural Biology, Diagnosis, and Immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2017. № 172. (4). P. 187-202.
48. Umasunthar T., Leonardi-Bee J., Hodes M., et al. The incidence of food anaphylaxis in people with food allergies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013. N 43. P.1333-1341.
49. Urisu A., Kondo Y., Tsuge I. Hen's Egg Allergy. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2015. N. 101. P. 124-130.
50. Valenta R., Karaulov A., Niederberger V., et al. Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy. Adv Immunol. 2018. N 138. P. 195-256.
51. Valenta R., Campana R., Focke-Tejkl M. Vaccine development for allergen-specific immunotherapy based on recombinant allergens and synthetic allergen peptides: Lessons from the past and novel mechanisms of action for the future. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016. N 137 (2). P. 351-357.
52. Valenta R., Lidholm J., Ferreira F. et al. From allergen genes to allergy vaccines. Annu Rev Immunol. 2010. N 28. P. 211-241.
53. van Zuuren E.J., Terreehorst I., Tupker R.A., Hiemstra P.S., Akkerdaas J.H. Anaphylaxis after consuming soy products in patients with birch pollinosis. Allergy. 2010. N 65(10). P. 1348‐1349.
54. Willits E.K., Park M.A., Hartz M.F., Schleck C.D., Weaver A.L., Joshi A.Y. Food allergy: a comprehensive population-based cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018. N 93. P. 1423-1430.
55. Zhernov Y., Curin M., Khaitov M., Karaulov A., Valenta R. Recombinant allergens for immunotherapy: state of the art. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019. N 19(4). P. 402‐414.
56. Zijlstra W.T., Flinterman A.E., Soeters L., et al. Parental anxiety before and after food challenges in children with suspected peanut and hazelnut allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010. N 21(2). P. 439‐445.
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Vlashenyuk K.G., Morenko M.A., Zhumambayeva S.M., Rozenson R.I. Molecular patterns of food allergy in children: review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2020, (Vol.22) 4, pp. 49-59. doi:10.34689/SH.2020.22.4.005Related publications:
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