LEGAL RISKS OF LIABILITY IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Introduction. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the most unprecedented crisis facing modern healthcare management in a century. Many health activities are receiving intense ethical and legal scrutiny. In this regard, healthcare professionals are concerned about legal ambiguity regarding legal liability and immunity. The pandemic in the world not only directly affected the constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms of the individual, but also highlighted certain types of legal crimes that previously had little practical significance. In this regard, in different countries at different times and in different ways, emergency management rules are introduced. The measures taken are the subject of much criticism, and questions of constitutional legitimacy have also been raised. This review provides an analysis to address legal liability and immunity issues among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To analyze the literature data on the emergence of legal risks of liability in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic Search strategy: The search for sources was carried out in the following bases: Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, MedLine, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar in the electronic scientific library e-Library.ru, CyberLeninka. Inclusion criteria: the depth of the literature search was 3 years (2019-2021), original articles, literature reviews, meta-analyzes, regulatory documents in English and Russian. Exclusion criteria: publications of low methodological quality, which did not reflect the main importance, with unclear and ambiguous conclusions, repeated publications, conference proceedings and clinical cases. As a result of the search, we identified only 87foreign and domestic publications, of which 37 publications were included in this review. Results and conclusions: An analysis of the literature has shown that the current pandemic has brought about profound changes in the lives of people and healthcare professionals, identified weaknesses in the health care system and challenged many health policy decisions that have been made in recent decades. These results show that some countries have already implemented commendable organizational strategies, thus making some countries better prepared for serious emergencies from a medico-legal point of view.
Makpal A. Alchimbayeva 1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3086-5465 Tolebay K. Rakhypbekov2, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-3086 Bakhytzhan B. Askarov3, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-4769 Аnar Е. Tursynbekova4, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-5174 Zaituna A. Khismetova5, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-3045 Umutzhan S. Samarova5, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-7115 Aliya K. Atabayeva5, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-2255 Azhar А. Dyusupova5, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-4118 Oxana P. Tsigengagel5*, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-9712 1 NJSC "Astana medical university", Nur-Sultan c., the Republic of Kazakhstan; 2 Head of the Kazakhstan’s National Association «Primary Health Care», Nur-Sultan c., the Republic of Kazakhstan; 3 «Kazakhstan Investment Development Fund», Nur-Sultan c., the Republic of Kazakhstan; 4 City Clinical Hospital No. 5, Almaty c., Republic of Kazakhstan; 5 NCJSC «Semey Medical University», Semey c., Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Alchimbayeva M.A., Rakhypbekov T.K., Askarov B.B., Tursynbekova А.Е., Khismetova Z.A., Samarova U.S., Atabayeva A.K., Dyusupova A.А., Tsigengagel O.P. Legal risks of liability in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2021, (Vol.23) 6, pp. 6-14. doi 10.34689/SH.2021.23.6.001

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