PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM DISEASE ON THE EXAMPLE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. LITERARY REVIEW.
Introduction: From a global perspective, however, the most urgent task is to prevent the development ofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC). The only effective strategy is primary prevention of viral hepatitis, which in most countries is already carried out in the form of vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in newborns. Prevention of alcohol abuse and the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as metabolic syndrome are also very important. Improving the population's knowledge of risk factor can prevent the development of HCC. Aim:to study the prevalence and risk factors of the hepatobiliary system on the example of hepatocellular carcinoma by studying international and own experience. Search strategy: We studied publicly available articles over 5 years using the following databases of scientific publications and specialized search engines: PubMed, Mendeley, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar.Inclusion criteria: Publication level of evidence A, B: meta-analyzes, systematic reviews, cohort and cross-sectional studies.Exclusion criteria: expert opinion in the form of short messages, promotional articles. Findings: Every year more than 600,000 people die from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. A more thorough study of this disease is needed, both in clinical and pharmacological terms, especially in the aspect of providing care to patients in regions with limited resources. Approaches to the treatment of HCC depend on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and on the availability of complex therapies. Nevertheless, the disease in its advanced stages is non-curable, its management is expensive and initially effective only with respect to increasing the indicator of "qualitatively secured years of life". The provision of medical care to patients with HCC can be improved by opening high-quality treatment centers. Promising new pharmacy are beyond the reach of those patients who could feel their effectiveness: in countries with low resources, sorafenib cannot be used in general practice. For example, the approximate cost of prescribing this pharmacy for a month is: $7,300 in China, $5,400 in the USA, $5,000 in Brazil, €3,562 in France and $1,400 in South Korea (N Engl J Med 2008. 359:378-90; PMID 18650519). Conclusion: To sum up, a review of the available literature on the problem of hepatocellular carcinoma showed that against the unfavorable background of the growing incidence of hepatitis various etiologies, with increasing cases of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance, it can be expected that the number of new cases of HCC in the world and, accordingly, the mortality rate from liver cell cancer will only grow in the world. In nowadays there is no screening of HCC in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a state program for detecting liver cancer at an early stage, there is no program for modifying risk factors for the development of HCC, depending on the degree of importance of each of them and the possibility of influencing them, such as bad habits and social lifestyle.
ZhanarE. Namazbayeva¹, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7333-5088 DarigaS. Smailova¹, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-7104 ErbolSerikuly², https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3423-9533 Sofya U.Umarova³, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-3863 Almagul' A.Kauysheva¹,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-3189 Maksut K.Kulzhanov¹, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-4016 Bolatbek B. Baimakhanov²,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-5886 Ardak Nurbakytkyzy¹,³,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-6809 ¹Kazakhstan’s Medical University «Kazakhstan School of Public Health», Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan; ²National Scientific Center of Surgery named after A.N. Syzganov, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan; ³NCJSC «Kazakh national medical University named afterS.D. Asfendiyarov», Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Namazbayeva Zh.E., Smailova D.S., Serikuly E., Umarova S.U., Kauysheva A.A., Kul'zhanov M.K., Baimakhanov B.B., NurbakytkyzyA.Prevalence and risk factors of hepatobiliary system disease on the example of hepatocellular carcinoma. Literary review// Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2022, (Vol.24) 3, pp. 211-218. doi 10.34689/SH.2022.24.3.024

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