PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES: A LITERARY REVIEW
Introduction. Respiratory diseases are a global medical, social and economic problem all over the world. It is estimated that there are approximately 300 million patients with bronchial asthma in the world, which is about 10% of the adult population. According to estimates, approximately 460 thousand deaths from bronchial asthma are recorded annually in the world. Also, the most important group of the disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the world, from which 3.23 million people died in 2019.
The aim of the study is to study the social, behavioral, as well as economic factors affecting chronic lung diseases through a literary review.
Search strategy. The articles in the public domain were studied using the following databases of scientific publications and specialized search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Mendeley. Inclusion criteria: Publications of the level of evidence A, B: meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort and cross-sectional studies. Exclusion criteria: expert opinion in the form of short messages, advertising articles.
Results. In the presence of environmental risk factors such as smoking, exposure to toxic chemicals and air pollution, the likelihood of developing chronic respiratory disease increases. An international epidemiological study (CORE) on COPD, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in the CIS countries showed that the prevalence of COPD in Kazakhstan is 17 times higher than official figures. In addition, in adult patients with bronchial asthma, the risk of COPD is 12 times higher than in patients without asthma. More than 80% of deaths from chronic lung diseases occur in low- and middle-income countries.
Conclusion. Chronic lung diseases are one of the most important problems in modern healthcare. Analysis of the literature data indicates the importance of knowledge of behavioral, socio-economic risk factors that potentiate the development of chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma and some types of pneumonia. Thus, priority attention should be paid to measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of chronic lung diseases by correcting risk factors in the population and slowing the progression of the disease.
Ayaulym N. Zhamakurova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-0456
Dariga S. Smailova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-7104
Ardak M. Auyezova¹, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5620-1651
Almagul A. Kauysheva¹, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-3189
Aizhan S. Zholdasbekova¹, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-7104
Natalya Е. Glushkova¹, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-8436
Maksut K. Kulzhanov¹, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-4016
1 Kazakhstan’s Medical University «Kazakhstan School of Public Health», Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Zhamakurova A.N., Smailova D.S., Auyezova A.M., Kauysheva A.A., Zholdasbekova A.S., Glushkova N.E., Kulzhanov M.K. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic respiratory diseases: a literary review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2022, (Vol.24) 5, pp. 203-211. doi 10.34689/SH.2022.24.5.025Related publications:
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