РОЛЬ ДИСЛИПИДЕМИИ, ИЗБЫТОЧНОЙ МАССЫ ТЕЛА И ХАРАКТЕРА ПИТАНИЯ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОГО РИСКА ПРИ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИИ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Введение: Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, в том числе артериальная гипертензия, являются ведущими причинами смертности населения как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах. Опыт всемирного здравоохранения показал, что профилактика сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний существенно снижает уровень смертности. Профилактика, в первую очередь, начинается с минимизации факторов риска, к которым относятся избыточный вес, абдоминальное ожирение, курение, нерациональное питание и недостаточная физическая активность.
Цель: обзор литературных источников, посвященных оценке вклада дислипидемии, избыточной массы тела и характера питания в формирование сердечно-сосудистого риска при болезнях системы кровообращения.
Материалы и методы: Поиск источников проводился в базах Pubmed, Scopus, Ebscohost, Medline, The Сocrane Library, Springer Link, Web of Knowledge (Thomson Reuters), Science Direct, Параграф Медицина, Гугл академия. Глубина поиска - с 1986 по 2016 годы.
Критерии включения источника в обзор: отчеты о рандомизированных и когортных исследованиях, проведенных на больших популяциях; мета-анализы и систематические обзоры. Исключались статьи, описывающие единичные случаи и серии случаев. Из 150 литературных источников 60 были отобраны в качестве аналитического материала для данной статьи.
Результаты: Обзор источников показал, что при артериальной гипертензии величина сердечно-сосудистого риска соотносится с характером дислипидемии, наличием и степенью избытка массы тела, образом жизни и характером питания пациентов.
Выводы: Для эффективного снижения сердечно-сосудистого риска и профилактики осложнений у больных с артериальной гипертензией на всех этапах медицинской помощи помимо контроля показателей липидного обмена пациентов необходимо способствовать формированию у них привычек здорового образа жизни и рационального питания.
Айжан Т. Шаханова, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-8575
Дана К. Кожахметова, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8367-1461
Алма У. Нуртазина, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-4003
Государственный медицинский университет города Семей,
Кафедра общей врачебной практики.
г. Семей, Казахстан
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