СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ КОМБИНИРОВАННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ БОЛЬНЫХ ХОБЛ
Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) — заболевание, характеризующееся прогрессирующей, частично обратимой бронхиальной обструкцией, которая связана с воспалением дыхательных путей, возникающим под влиянием неблагоприятных факторов внешней среды (курения, профессиональных вредностей, поллютантов и др.). Установлено, что морфологические изменения при ХОБЛ наблюдаются в центральных и периферических бронхах, легочной паренхиме и сосудах. Это объясняет использование термина «хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких» вместо привычного «хронического обструктивного бронхита», подразумевающего преимущественное поражение у больного бронхов.
Эпидемиология ХОБЛ тяжелое бремя для ресурсов, здравоохранения и экономики. ХОБЛ страдает 210 мил-лионов человек всего мира и причиной 3 миллиона смертей в год (5% всех случаев смерти мире). Это, по прогно-зам, станет третьей ведущей причиной смертности во всем мире на 2030. Экономическое бремя ХОБЛ явля-ется высокой, при этом затраты увеличиваются по мере прогрессирования заболевания. Расходы, связанные с тяжелой ХОБЛ до 17 раз выше, чем те, которые связаны с легкой ХОБЛ.
Воспаление при ХОБЛ является главным патогенетическим механизмом. Современные концепции и опреде-ляют ХОБЛ как хроническое воспалительное заболевание, связанное с воздействием неблагоприятных факто-ров внешней среды
Задачами современной терапии ХОБЛ являются предупреждение прогрессирования болезни, уменьшение вы-раженности клинических симптомов, достижение лучшей переносимости физической нагрузки и повышение ка-чества жизни больных, предупреждение осложнений и обострений, а также снижение смертности.
Л.К. Каражанова, А.Н. Жумагалиева
Государственный медицинский университет города Семей
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