ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HERPESVIRUS REACTIVATION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH A HISTORY OF COVID-19
Introduction. Herpesvirus reactivation in patients with a history of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an increasingly recognized problem that may exacerbate the clinical manifestations of post-COVID syndrome. Reactivation of latent viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been frequently observed, but the clinical and epidemiological features of this phenomenon remain insufficiently studied.
Objective. To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of herpesvirus reactivation (CMV, EBV, HSV) in patients after COVID-19, based on a comprehensive analysis of symptoms and laboratory findings.
Methods. A retrospective analytical case–control study was conducted, including 80 patients, of whom 40 comprised the main group with a confirmed history of COVID-19, and 40 formed the control group without any indication of previous COVID-19. The analysis included the assessment of clinical symptoms, results of specific immunological testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM antibodies to herpesviruses, as well as laboratory parameters, including complete blood count and biochemical profile. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests, including the Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson’s chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results. Cytomegalovirus was the most frequently reactivated herpesvirus (30%). Reactivation occurred significantly more often in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 compared to those with mild disease (75% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.036). Patients with reactivation more frequently presented with peripheral lymphadenopathy (85% vs. 47.5%; p = 0.0009) and febrile fever (25% vs. 5%; p = 0.028). Serological testing revealed elevated IgG titers with high optical density and absence of IgM, indicating reactivation. CRP (p = 0.002) and blood glucose (p = 0.035) levels were also significantly higher in the reactivation group.
Conclusion. The study identified a range of clinical and laboratory features associated with herpesvirus reactivation in patients following COVID-19. These findings highlight the relevance of comprehensive post-COVID assessment, considering potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and latent viruses, and support the inclusion of herpesvirus screening in post-COVID monitoring protocols.
Akerke Janzakova – MD, Infectious disease specialist, Master's student in "Medicine", Kazakh Medical University "Higher School of Public Health" (HSPH), Phone: +77025399377, Email: janzakova.akerke01@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1838-2524,Almaty,Kazakhstan;
Janara Buribaeva, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of "Epidemiology, Evidence-based Medicine and Biostatistics", Kazakh Medical University “KSPH”, Phone: +77013512033, Email: mm-antai@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-8002, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Vitaliy Kamhen - MD, Associate Professor, Department of "Epidemiology, Evidence-based Medicine and Biostatistics", Kazakh Medical University “KSPH”, Phone: +7 777 824 9733, Email: kamchen.v.b@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4105-4008, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Baurzhan Janzakov - MD, MSc, Assistant, department of “Surgical diseases”, Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University", Phone: +7 7021752568, Email: maladca@inbox.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3298-0601, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Aigulsym Izekenova – MD, Associate Professor, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University", Phone: 87012995159, Email: izekenova.a@kaznmu.kz, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-8689, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Saule Doskojaeva - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, International Scientific Research Institute of Postgraduate Education", Phone: +7 702 256 6576 Email: sdoskojaeva@mail.ru ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-6713, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Gaukhar Kurmanova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of "Clinical Disciplines", Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi,
Phone: +7 775 259 2299E-mail: gaukhar.kurmanova2000@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-7829, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Anna Shin - Doctor of Medical Sciences, PhD, Department of "Clinical Disciplines", Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi, Phone: +7 777 320 0677, E-mail: annashin86@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9911-8233, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Janzakova A.K., Buribaeva J.K., Kamhen V.B., Janzakov B.B., Izekenova A.K., Doskojaeva S.T., Kurmanova G.K., Shin A.L. Analysis of Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Herpesvirus Reactivation in Individuals with a History of COVID-19 // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2025. Vol.27 (3), pp. 157-164. doi 10.34689/SH.2025.27.3.018Похожие публикации:
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