VACCINE PREVENTION OF COVID-19 IN THE SYSTEM OF ANTI-EPIDEMIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES. LITERATURE REVIEW.
Relevance. Despite the undoubted successes achieved in the fight against infectious diseases, the importance of pathogens in human pathology not only does not decrease, but also shows a tendency to increase.
Thousands of people die from complications every year. This is due to the fact that viruses, primarily influenza viruses and coronaviruses, have the ability to change their structure and the mutated virus is able to infect a person again. So, a person who has had the flu has a good immune barrier, but nevertheless a new modified virus is able to easily penetrate it, since the body has not yet developed immunity against this type of virus. To date, the most effective measure of protection against viral infections is vaccination.
Aim: Analysis of literature data on the role of vaccination in the system of anti-epidemic and preventive measures in the fight against viral infections, including COVID-19.
Search strategy: Scientific publications were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Medline, e-Library, using the Google Scholar scientific search engine. The search depth is 3 years. Criteria for inclusion: publications in Russian and English by thematic requests: vaccination, COVID-19, pandemic; publications included in the PubMed, Medline, e-Library databases; publications for the last 3 years. Criteria for excluding: articles with paid access; abstracts. A total of 168 sources were found. 62 articles passed the selection algorithm, accepted for analysis.
Results: Analysis of the literature data has shown that today vaccination is an effective and beneficial measure against various infections worldwide. Vaccines save millions of lives every year. The development of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 is a huge step forward towards ending the pandemic and returning to a normal lifestyle.
Conclusions: Based on the literature review, it became known that with the help of vaccines, humanity managed to get rid of a number of dangerous infections, and today, in the confrontation with the coronavirus pandemic, great hope is placed on them. A lot of research teams in different countries have joined in the search for a reliable vaccine.
Gulnur B. Toktassynova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7439-942
Sholpan E. Tokanova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-497
Erlan A. Ospanov1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1344-5477
Aizhan Т. Shakhanova1, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-8575
1 NJSC «Semey Medical University»,
Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
1. Approved by the National Association of Specialists in the Fight against Infections Associated with the Provision of Medical Care, and agreed with the relevant Commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on Epidemiology.
2. Badr H.S. et al. The relationship between mobility models and COVID-19 transmission in the USA: a study using mathematical modeling // Infection with the lancet. 2020. Dis. 20, 1247-1254
3. Bailey R., Swanson K.A., Lee P. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of two candidates for an RNA-based vaccine against COVID-19 // N. Engl. J. Med. 2020. 383:2439.
4. Baker R.E., Young V.K., Vecchi G.A., Metcalf K. J.E., Grenfell B.T. A susceptible supply limits the role of climate in the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic // Nauka. 2020. 369, 315-319
5. Bogoch I.I. et al. The potential for global spread of a new coronavirus from China // J. Travel Med. 27, taaa0111 2020.
6. Brauner J. M. et al. Conclusion on the effectiveness of government measures against COVID-19 // Science. 2020. 371, eabd9338.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tracking COVID data. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#cases_casesper100klast7days (CDC USA, 2020).
8. Corbett K.S., Edwards D.K., Leist S.R. et al. The development of a vaccine with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA became possible due to the readiness of the prototype for the pathogen // Nature. 2020. 586:567.
9. Denning J. et al. Determining the points of change in the spread of COVID-19 shows the effectiveness of interventions // Nauka. 2020. 369, eabb9789.
10. Devi S. The revival of COVID-19 in Iran // Lancet. 2020. 395, 1896.
11. European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. COVID-19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19-pandemic (ECDC, 2021).
12. Erased K. Multicenter collaboration to investigate the causes of severe acute respiratory syndrome // The Lancet. 2003. 361:1730-3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13376-4
13. Esper F., Vibel S., Ferguson D., Landry Jr., Kahn J.S. Evidence of a new human coronavirus that is associated with respiratory diseases in infants and young children // J Infect Dis. 2005. 191:492-8. doi: 10.1086/428138
14. Interim Guidelines "Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)", version 6 is available at: https://static-1.rosminzdrav.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/050/122/original/28042020_%D0%9CR_COVID-19_v6.pdf (Accessed May 4, 2020).
15. Flaxman S. et al. Assessment of the impact of non-drug interventions on COVID-19 in Europe // Nature. 2020. 584, 257-261
16. Gao K., Bao L., Mao H. et al. 2020. Development of an inactivated candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 // Science 369:77.
17. Ge X.U., Li J.-L., Yang X.-L., Chmura A.A., Zhu G., Epstein J.H. etc. Isolation and characterization of a coronavirus similar to SARS in bats that uses the ACE2 receptor // Nature. 2013. 503:535-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12711
18. Giordano G. et al. Simulation of the COVID-19 epidemic and implementation of national measures in Italy // Nat. Med. 2020. 26, 855-860.
19. Haug N. et al. Ranking the effectiveness of government measures to combat COVID-19 worldwide. Natural. Hum. Vol. 2020. 4, 1303-1312.
20. Hodcroft E.B. et al. The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 variant across Europe in the summer of 2020 // Nature. 2021. 595, 707-712.
21. Hoffman M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S. et al. The penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into cells depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor // Cell. 2020.181:271.
22. Imai N., Hogan A.B., Williams L. et al. Interpretation of the efficacy estimates of the 2019 coronavirus disease vaccine (COVID-19) to justify simulation studies of vaccine exposure: a systematic review // Wellcome Open Res. 2021. 6: 185.
23. Khan E. et al. Lessons learned from the easing of restrictions related to COVID-19: an analysis of countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region and Europe // Lancet. 2020. 396, 1525-1534.
24. Krammer F. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are under development // Nature. 2020. 586: 516.
25. Kremzner P., Mann P., Bosch J. et al. Phase 1 evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine based on mRNA-lipid nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2 in human volunteers. // medRxiv, 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.11.09.20228551, published on November 9, preprint: not reviewed.
26. Kupferschmidt K., Vadman M. Delta variant launches a new phase of the pandemic // Science 372, 1375-1376 (2021).
27. Lai S., Bogoch I.I., Watts A., Khan K., Tatem A. Preliminary risk analysis of the spread of the new coronavirus 2019 in China and beyond // World pop 2020. https://www.worldpop.org/events/china
28. Lazzaro S., Giovani S., Mangiavacchi S. et al. Priming of CD8 T cells during mRNA vaccination is limited to antigen-presenting cells derived from bone marrow and may include antigen transfer from myocytes // Immunology. 2015. 146:312.
29. Lee U., Moore M.J., Vaslieva N., Sui J., Wong K.K., Bern M.A. etc. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor of the SARS coronavirus // Nature. 2003. 426:450-4. doi: 10.1038/nature02145
30. Lemay P. et al. Unraveling the introduction and perseverance in reviving COVID-19 in Europe // Nature. 2021. 595, 713-717.
31. Li J., Li S., Gao G.F., Shi V. The emergence, genomic diversity and global spread of SARS-CoV-2. Nature. December 2021. 600(7889): 408-418. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04188-6. Epub 2021, December 8th. Identification number: 34880490.
32. Marino M., Scuderi F., Provenzano S. et al. Skeletal muscle cells: from local inflammatory response to active immunity // Gen Ter. 2011. 18: 109.
33. Matz K.M., Marzi A., Feldman H. Ebola vaccine trials: progress in vaccine safety and immunogenicity // Vaccine Expert Rev. 2019. 18: 1229
34. McIntosh K., Diz J. H., Becker V.B., Kapikyan A.Z., Chanok R.M. Isolation of new viruses in tracheal organ cultures in patients with respiratory diseases // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1967. 57:933-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.57.4.933
35. Ministry of Health of Brazil. Coronavirus, Brazil. 2021. https://covid.saude.gov.br / (Accessed May 4, 2021).
36. National Health Service. A significant moment: the first patient of the National Health Service receives vaccination against COVID-19. https://www.england.nhs.uk/2020/12/landmark-moment-as-first-nhs-patient-receives-covid-19-vaccination / Date: December 8, 2020, (accessed: December 1, 2021)
37. Pei S., Kandula S., Shaman J. Differential effect of intervention timing on the spread of COVID-19 in the United States. Sci. Adv. 6, eabd6370 (2020).
38. Peiris J.S.M., Lai S.T., Poon L.L.M., Guan Y., Yam L.Y.C., Lim W., etc. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome // The Lancet. 2003 361:1319-25. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13077-2
39. Perkins T.A. et al. Assessment of unobserved cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States // Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 22597-22602 (2020).
40. Perlman S., Netland J. Coronaviruses after SARS: the latest data on replication and pathogenesis // Nat Revolver. 2009. 7:439–50. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2147
41. Polak F.P., Thomas S.J., Kitchin N. et al. Clinical Trial Group C4591001. 2020. Safety and efficacy of the vaccine against COVID-19 with BNT162b2 mRNA // N. Engl. J. Med. 383:2603.
42.Porgador A., Irwin K. R., Iwasaki A. et al. The predominant role of directly transfected dendritic cells in the presentation of CD8+ antigen to T cells after immunization with gene weapons // J. Exp. Med. 1998. 188:1075.
43. Preliminary recommendations for preventing the spread of a new coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in medical organizations (Rospotrebnadzor letter No. 25.01.2020 02/847-2020-27) Available on: https://rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/korono_virus / punkt.php (Accessed April 2, 2020).
44. Pullano G. et al. Risk of import of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) at an early stage to Europe, January 2020. Euro Surveillance. 2020. 25, 2000057
45. Reiches E., Krishna M., Harsh J. et al. Safety and immunogenicity testing of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 -BBV152: Phase 1, double-blind randomized control trial // The Lancet. Infect. Dis. 2021. 21: S1473-3099(20)30942-7.
46. Richie H., Mathieu E. Rhodes-Girao L. et al. Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Our world is in data. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus Date: 2020, Accessed: December 1, 2021
47. Russell T.U. et al. The impact of cases of international importation on the domestic spread of COVID-19: a study using mathematical modeling // Lancet Public Health 6, e12–e20 (2021).
48. Salye H. and others. Assessment of the burden of SARS-CoV-2 in France. Science. 2020. 369, 208-211.
49. Smith T.R.F., Patel A., Ramos S. et al. Immunogenicity of the candidate DNA vaccine against COVID-19 // Nat. Commune. 2020. 11: 2601.
50. Sudove S., Dominicki S., Montermann E. et al. Absorption and presentation of exogenous antigen and presentation of endogenously produced antigen by dendritic skin cells are equivalent pathways for initiating cellular immune responses after immunization with biological DNA // Immunology. 2009.128 (supplement. 1): e193.
51. Suranova T.G. Assessment of the readiness of medical organizations to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious diseases that pose a threat of an emergency of a sanitary and epidemiological nature. A textbook for doctors. Moscow, 2017. Ser. library of the All-Russian Service of Disaster Medicine.
52. Tapia M.D., Sou S.O., Ndiaye B.P. et al. The group of the Ebola Research Alliance in Zaire. Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the chimpanzee adenovirus-borne Ebola vaccine in adults in Africa: a randomized, blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial // Infection with the lancet. Dis. 2020. 20:707.
53. Tian X. and others. Investigation of measures to combat transmission of infection during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China // Science. 2020. 368, 638-642
54. Voisi M., Clemens S. A. S., Madhi S. A. et al. Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Team. The year is 2021. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomized controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa and the United Kingdom // Lancet. 2021. 397:99.
55. Wang M., Hu Z. Bats as reservoir animals for the SARS coronavirus: the hypothesis is proven after 10 years of hunting for the virus // Virol Sin. 2013. 28:315-7. doi: 10.1007/s12250-013-3402- x
56. Wang H., Zhang Y., Huang B. et al. Development of an inactivated candidate vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, with powerful protection against SARS-CoV-2 // Cell. 2020. 182:713.
57. Wells K.R. et al. The impact of international travel and border control measures on the global spread of the new 2019 coronavirus outbreak // Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2020.117, 7504-7509.
58. World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological reports on COVID-19 – 29 June 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---29-june-2021 (WHO, 2021). (Accessed May 4, 2020).
59. Yang, J. et al. Disclosure of two phases of early dynamics of intercontinental transmission of COVID-19 // J. Travel Med. 2020. 27, taaa200.
60. Yu J., Tostanoski L. H., Peter L. et al. DNA vaccine to protect against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus monkeys // Science. 2020. 369:806.
61. Zaki A.M., van Bohemen S., Bestebroer T.M., Osterhaus A.D., Fouchier R.A. Isolation of a new coronavirus in a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia // N Engl J Med. 2012. 367:1814-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721
62. Zumla A., Hui D.S., Perlman S. Middle East respiratory syndrome // The Lancet. 2015. 386:995-1007. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60454-8
Number of Views: 77
Category of articles:
COVID-19 - Topical Subject
Bibliography link
Toktassynova G.B., Tokanova Sh.E., Ospanov E.A., Shakhanova A.T. Vaccine prevention of COVID-19 in the system of anti-epidemic and preventive measures. Literature review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2023, (Vol.25) 1, pp. 42-49. doi 10.34689/SH.2023.25.1.005Related publications:
IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CHILDREN WITH MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SARS-COV-2
EFFICACY OF THE ANTIVIRAL DRUG ENISAMY IODIDE IN SEVERE ADULT ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN THE COVID-19 ERA
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COMBATING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS. REVIEW
CONSEQUENCES OF THE CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: THE POST-COVID SYNDROME AND MENTAL MANIFESTATIONS. LITERATURE REVIEW
FEATURES OF THE SICKNESS BEHAVIOR OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS. REVIEW