ОБЗОР ОСНОВНЫХ КЛИНИКО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК COVID-19
Актуальность: SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) – оболочечный одноцепочный (+) РНК-вирус. Впервые выявлен в конце 2019 г., вызывает опасное высококонтагиозное инфекционное заболевание – COVID-19. В Казахстане первый случай заражения COVID-19 был зарегистрирован 13 марта 2020 года. Обнаружение и распространение появившегося респираторного патогена сопровождается неопределенностью в отношении его ключевых эпидемиологических, клинических и вирусологических характеристик и, в частности, его способности распространяться среди населения и вирулентности (соотношение числа случаев и тяжести). Вместе с тем, на сегодняшний день ученые установили наличие множеств мутаций в транслируемых и нетранслируемых областях геномов коронавируса по всему миру. Мутация генома вируса и распространение его новых штаммов продолжается и в настоящее время. Понимание и мониторинг генетической эволюции вируса, его географических характеристик и стабильности особенно важны для борьбы с распространением болезни и особенно для разработки универсальной вакцины, охватывающей все циркулирующие штаммы.
Как и в случае многих новых респираторных патогенов, основные эпидемиологические, клинические параметры вируса и динамика вспышки недостаточно изучены. Также не изучены факторы, влияющие на характер течения COVID-19 и развитие осложнений, также влияющие на снижение бремени заболевания.
Цель: провести обзор исследований для получения информации по широкому спектру клинико-эпидемиологических характеристик заболевания, оценки механизма течения осложнений у пациентов с COVID-19.
Стратегия поиска: поиск проводился с помощью баз данных PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Elsevier по ключевым словам: «clinical characteristics», «epidemiology of COVID-19» OR «epidemiology of coronavirus disease», «risk factors of COVID-19», «complications of COVID-19», «close contacts of COVID-19», «basic reproductive number of COVID-19». Всего было просмотрено 100 статей за 2020 и 2021 годы, из которых было отобрано 82 статьи по теме поиска. Были исключены статьи, которые рассматривали отдельно специфические вопросы патогенеза развития заболевания, лечения коронавирусной инфекции, развитие заболевания у животных, течение заболевания у беременных женщин, у медицинских работников.
Результат поиска: Было проанализировано 82 статей авторов стран Средней Азии, Европы и США, где были выделены основные клинико-эпидемиологические характеристики коронавирусной инфекции. Так, время от момента контакта до проявления симптомов составляет в среднем от 2 до 7 дней. Общими клиническими признаками, которые наиболее часто встречались у зараженных стали такие симптомы, как лихорадка (не у всех), кашель, боль в горле, головная боль, усталость, миалгия и одышка. Наличие у пациентов сопутствующих заболеваний таких, как артериальная гипертензия (21,1%, 95% CI: 13,0–27,2%) и сахарный диабет (9,7%, 95% CI: 7,2–12,2%), сердечно–сосудистые заболевания (8,4%, 95% CI: 3,8-13,8%) и заболевания дыхательной системы (1,5%, 95% CI: 0,9–2,1%) повышало шанс госпитализации в отделения интенсивной терапии.
Эльмира К. Кайдар1, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-9152
Маржан А. Даулетьярова2, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-4051
НАО «Медицинский Университет Астана»,
1 Кафедра общественного здоровья и эпидемиологии,
2 Кафедра общественного здоровья и менеджмента,
г. Нур-Султан, Республика Казахстан.
1. Abdollahi I. [и др.]. Can initial chest CT scan predict status and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection? A retrospective cohort study // Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2021. № 1 (52). С.5-15.
2. Aghaali M. [и др.]. Estimation of the serial interval and basic reproduction number of COVID-19 in Qom, Iran, and three other countries: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak // Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2020. № 6 (67). C. 2860–2868.
3. Alouane T. [и др.]. Genomic diversity and hotspot mutations in 30,983 SARS-CoV-2 genomes: Moving toward a universal vaccine for the “confined virus”? // Pathogens. 2020. № 10 (9). C. 1–19.
4. Altan A., Karasu S. Recognition of COVID-19 disease from X-ray images by hybrid model consisting of 2D curvelet transform, chaotic salp swarm algorithm and deep learning technique // Chaos, Solitons and Fractals. 2020. (140). С.132-139.
5. Bai H. X. [и др.]. Performance of radiologists in differentiating COVID-19 from viral pneumonia on chest CT. 2020. С.46-54
6. Bao C. [и др.]. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CT Findings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis // Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2020. № 6 (17). C. 701–709.
7. Bellino S. [и др.]. COVID-19 Disease Severity Risk Factors for Pediatric Patients in Italy // Pediatrics. 2020. № 4 (146).
8. Bi Q. [и др.]. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study // The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020. № 8 (20). C. 911–919.
9. Bridwell R., Long B., Gottlieb M. Neurologic complications of COVID-19 // The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020. № 7 (38). C. 1549.e3-1549.e7.
10. Buhat C. A. H. [и др.]. A mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission between frontliners and the general public // Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics. 2021. № 1 (10). С.120-132.
11. Chen N. [и др.]. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study // The Lancet. 2020. № 10223 (395). C. 507–513.
12. Choi S., Ki M. Estimating the reproductive number and the outbreak size of COVID-19 in Korea // Epidemiology and Health. 2020. (42). С.27-34.
13. Chong K. C. [и др.]. Monitoring disease transmissibility of 2019 novel coronavirus disease in Zhejiang, China // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. (96). C. 128–130.
14. Chu D.K.W. [и др.]. Molecular Diagnosis of a Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Causing an Outbreak of Pneumonia // Clinical chemistry. 2020. № 4 (66). C. 549–555.
15. Cohen J.P., Morrison P., Dao L. COVID-19 Image Data Collection 2020. 380с.
16. Dahai Zhao [и др.]. A Comparative Study on the Clinical Features of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia With Other Pneumonias // Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020. № 15 (71). C. 756–761.
17. Daniel E.A. [и др.]. Pooled Testing Strategies for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis: A comprehensive review // Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2021. № 2 (101). C. 115432.
18. Ding W., Abdel-Basset M., Hawash H. RCTE: A reliable and consistent temporal-ensembling framework for semi-supervised segmentation of COVID-19 lesions // Information Sciences. 2021. (578). C. 559–573.
19. Elhazmi A. [и др.]. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) coinfection: A unique case series // Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2021. (41). С.195-215.
20. Flaxman S. [и др.]. Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe // Nature. 2020. № 7820 (584). C. 257–261.
21. Gąsecka A. [и др.]. Thrombotic Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment // Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 2020. (8). C. 215–229.
22. Ge Y. [и др.]. The impact of social distancing, contact tracing, and case isolation interventions to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic: A modeling study // Epidemics. 2021. (36). С.48-54.
23. Hammad W.A. [и др.]. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 infection (COVID-19) in pregnancy – An overview // European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2021. (263). C. 106–116.
24. Han R. [и др.]. Early clinical and CT manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia // American Journal of Roentgenology. 2020. № 2 (215). C. 338–343.
25. Harapan B.N., Yoo H.J. Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) // Journal of Neurology. 2021. Т. 268. № 9. C. 3059–3071.
26. Hassan M.N. [и др.]. Mathematical modeling and Covid-19 forecast in Texas, USA: A prediction model analysis and the probability of disease outbreak // Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2021. С.252-256
27. He J.L. [и др.]. Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China // Respiratory Medicine. 2020. (168). С.98-15.
28. He Y. [и др.]. What can the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 tell us: a meta-analysis // Journal of Translational Medicine. 2021. № 1 (19).С.35-42.
29. Hong K. [и др.]. Re-estimation of basic reproduction number of COVID-19 based on the epidemic curve by symptom onset date // Epidemiology and Infection. 2021. С.76-82.
30. Huang C. [и др.]. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China // The Lancet. 2020. № 10223 (395). C. 497–506.
31. Huang P. [и др.]. Use of chest CT in combination with negative RT-PCR assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus but high clinical suspicion // Radiology. 2020. Т. 295. № 1. C. 22–23.
32. Ishige T. [и др.]. Highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by multiplex rRT-PCR for molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by clinical laboratories // Clinica Chimica Acta. 2020. (507). C. 139–142.
33. Islam M. R. [и др.]. Genome-wide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 virus strains circulating worldwide implicates heterogeneity // Scientific Reports. 2020. № 1 (10). С.58-64.
34. Jin Y. H. [и др.]. A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version) // Military Medical Research. 2020. Т. 7. № 1. С.39-49.
35. Jing Q. L. [и др.]. Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants // medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. 2020. С.47-54.
36. Kadiane-Oussou N. J. [и др.]. COVID-19: comparative clinical features and outcome in 114 patients with or without pneumonia (Nord Franche-Comte Hospital, France) // Microbes and Infection. 2020. № 10 (22). C. 622–625.
37. Khunti K. [и др.]. Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19? // The BMJ. 2020. (369).
38. Kim H., Hong H., Ho Yoon S. Diagnostic performance of ct and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for coronavirus disease 2019: A meta-analysis // Radiology. 2020. № 3 (296). C. E145–E155.
39. Klok F.A. [и др.]. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 // Thrombosis Research. 2020. (191). C. 145–147.
40. Klok F.A. [и др.]. Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: An updated analysis // Thrombosis Research. 2020. (191). C. 148–150.
41. Kong J.D., Tekwa E.W., Gignoux-Wolfsohn S.A. Social, economic, and environmental factors influencing the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 across countries // PLoS ONE. 2021. № 6 June (16). С.125-135.
42. Kucharski A.J. [и др.]. Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study // The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020. № 5 (20). C. 553–558.
43. Kurokawa R. [и др.]. Standardized reporting systems of chest computed tomography in a population with low coronavirus disease 2019 prevalence: A retrospective comparative study // Heliyon. 2021. № 8 (7). C. e07743.
44. Lai C. C. [и др.]. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges // International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020. № 3 (55). C. 105924.
45. Li J. [и др.]. Clinical characteristics of emergency surgery patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Wuhan, China // Surgery (United States). 2020. № 3 (168). C. 398–403.
46. Li J. [и др.]. Clinical features of familial clustering in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China // Virus Research. 2020. (286). C. 198043.
47. Li M. M., Kuo T. T. Previewable Contract-Based On-Chain X-Ray Image Sharing Framework for Clinical Research // International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2021. (156). С.66-74
48. Liu J. [и др.]. The spatial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in China under the prevention and control measures at the early outbreak // Archives of Public Health. 2021. № 1 (79). С.164-175.
49. Liu Y. [и др.]. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus // Journal of Travel Medicine. 2020. № 2 (27). С.13-26.
50. Long C. [и др.]. Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT? // European Journal of Radiology. 2020. (126). С.178-186.
51. Luo L. [и др.]. Modes of Contact and Risk of Transmission in COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study 4950 Close Contact Persons in Guangzhou of China // SSRN Electronic Journal. 2020. С.165-174.
52. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstab N. source Situation of COVID-19 in Kazakhstan, national source // https://www.coronavirus2020.kz/. (accessed 07.04.2021)
53. Ng M. Y. [и др.]. Imaging profile of the covid-19 infection: Radiologic findings and literature review // Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging. 2020. № 1 (2). С.-122-128.
54. Nieuwkoop C. van COVID-19 associated pulmonary thrombosis // Thrombosis Research. 2020. (191). C. 151.
55. Ortiz N. [и др.]. Epidemiologic findings from case investigations and contact tracing for first 200 cases of coronavirus disease, santa Clara County, California, USA // Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2021. № 5 (27). C. 1301–1308.
56. Pan A. [и др.]. Association of Public Health Interventions with the Epidemiology of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan, China // JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2020. № 19 (323). C. 1915–1923.
57. Pan D. [и др.]. The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review // EClinicalMedicine. 2020. (23). С.169-175
58. Pan Y. [и др.]. Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China // European Radiology. 2020. № 6 (30). C. 3306–3309.
59. Park Y. J. [и др.]. Development and utilization of a rapid and accurate epidemic investigation support system for covid-19 // Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives. 2020. № 3 (11). C. 118–127.
60. Phan T. Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 // Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2020. (81). C. 104260.
61. Rothan H.A., Byrareddy S.N. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak // Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020. (109). C. 102433.
62. Kannan S. [и др.]. COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) – recent trends. 2020. С.2006-2011
63. Shang Y. [и др.]. Clinical characteristics and changes of chest CT features in 307 patients with common COVID-19 pneumonia infected SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter study in Jiangsu, China // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. (96). C. 157–162.
64. Shim E. [и др.]. Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. (93). C. 339–344.
65. Simpson S. [и др.]. Radiological society of North America expert consensus document on reporting chest CT findings related to COVID-19: Endorsed by the society of thoracic radiology, the American college of radiology, and RSNA // Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging. 2020. № 2 (2). С. 223-231.
66. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) // Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2020. Т. 87. № 4. C. 281–286.
67. Varela-Santos S., Melin P. A new approach for classifying coronavirus COVID-19 based on its manifestation on chest X-rays using texture features and neural networks // Information Sciences. 2021. (545). C. 403–414.
68. W Graham Carlos [и др.]. COVID-19 Disease due to SARS-CoV-2 (Novel Coronavirus) // American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2020. № 4 (201). C. 7–8.
69. Wang K. [и др.]. Imaging manifestations and diagnostic value of chest CT of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Xiaogan area // Clinical Radiology. 2020. № 5 (75). C. 341–347.
70. Wang S. [и др.]. A deep learning algorithm using CT images to screen for Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) // medRxiv. 2020.
71. World Health Organization Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic // https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. (accessed: 20.03.2021.)
72. Wu F. [и др.]. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China // Nature. 2020. № 7798 (579). C. 265–269.
73. Wu J.T., Leung K., Leung G.M. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study // The Lancet. 2020. № 10225 (395). C. 689–697.
74. Xie X. [и др.]. Chest CT for Typical 2019-nCoV Pneumonia: Relationship to Negative RT-PCR Testing. 2020.
75. Yang J. [и др.]. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. (94). C. 91–95.
76. Zhang S. [и др.]. Estimation of the reproductive number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the probable outbreak size on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: A data-driven analysis // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. (93). C. 201–204.
77. Zhao Q. [и др.]. Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. (96). C. 131–135.
78. Zhao S., Liang X. A re-analysis to identify the structural breaks in COVID-19 transmissibility during the early phase of the outbreak in South Korea // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. (100). C. 10–11.
79. Zhou F. [и др.]. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study // The Lancet. 2020. № 10229 (395). C. 1054–1062.
80. Zhou P. [и др.]. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin // Nature. 2020. № 7798 (579). C. 270–273.
81. Zhu H. [и др.]. Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response // Current Cardiology Reports. 2020. Т. 22. № 5.
82. Zhu N. [и др.]. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 // New England Journal of Medicine. 2020. № 8 (382). C. 727–733.
Количество просмотров: 382
Категория статей:
Обзор литературы
Библиографическая ссылка
Кайдар Э.К., Даулетьярова М.А. Обзор основных клинико-эпидемиологических характеристик COVID-19 // Наука и Здравоохранение. 2021. 6(Т.23). С. 26-37. doi 10.34689/SH.2021.23.6.003Похожие публикации:
ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ И ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ЛАПАРОСКОПИЯ ПРИ ТРАВМАХ ЖИВОТА. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ.
КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ И МЕТОДЫ ЕГО ОЦЕНКИ ПРИ ПЕРВИЧНОМ БИЛИАРНОМ ХОЛАНГИТЕ
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННО-ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫЕ ПОРАЖЕНИЯ ПЕЧЕНИ И ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ
INTERRELATION OF INTRAABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION AND MARKERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION
НОВЫЕ СИНДРОМЫ И ПАТТЕРНЫ ОСТРОЙ ОККЛЮЗИИ КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ.