PATHOGENETIC ROLE OF THE MICROBIAL AGENTSIN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE AND ALLERGIC INFLAMMATIONIN CASE OF THE BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. A LITERATURE REVIEW.

Abstract

Introduction: The article presents a review and the literature data analysis of the microbes and helminths role in the
pathogenesis of immune and allergic inflammation in case of bronchial asthma development. Bronchial asthma is one of the diseases that are an important social and medical problem. Now scientists around the world are looking at the gut microflora
role in numerous internal organ diseases, and as a part are considered the illness of the respiratory tract.
The research aim was to study and analyze the literature data about the role of microbial agents as pathogenic factors
of the immune and allergic inflammation in the respiratory tract in case of bronchial asthma development.
Search strategy: A search and analysis of open literary sources in the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and
Scopus databases over the past eight years (2014-2022) have been made to resolve the research aim. Sources describing
clinical and statistical studies of bronchial asthma, taking into account the role of various microbial agentswere selected and
analyzed.
Results: We have conducted the analysis of literature data on the example of bronchial asthma. It showed that
microbiota markers have a potential diagnostic value in respiratory diseases. The intestinal microbes produce short-chain
fatty acids metabolites and involve the formation of the immune system. The penetration of the allergen into the body can
occur through the digestive tract, and the present pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of a violation of the
intestinal microbiota can largely affect the severity of several diseases. Changes in the quantitative and qualitative intestine
microbiota can be considered as a factor that severed the allergic diseases' clinical flowing.
Conclusions: Human microbiome has a significant impact on bronchial asthma pathogenesis and course. According to
literature sources, we can have a talk about the characteristic microbial conglomerate of the nasopharynx and lungs in
patients with bronchial obstruction, with immune and allergic reactions as well as chronic rhinitis. Further systematic study of
this issue with complex clinical and laboratory tests conducting in patients with asthma will allows us better understand the
immediate value of the respiratory tract microbiome as well as to study the effect of intestinal microflora on bronchial asthma
pathogenesis