COMPARISON OF CLINICAL FEATURES OF PANIC DISORDER PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT FAMILY HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Introduction: The large goal of this study elucidates the cause of panic disorder, and medical people carry out the fundamental treatment and prevention for the disorder.
Purpose: One aim of this study was to investigate the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders (including panic disorder) in first-degree relatives of panic disorder patients. Another aim of this study was to examine the age at the onset of the first panic attack and the number of symptoms at onset in panic disorder patients in order to better understand the in fluence of family history of psychiatric disorders (including panic disorder).
Design: This is cross-sectional study.
Materials and Methods: The subjects were patients with panic disorder (n=149) seen at Warakukai Incorporated Medical Institution Nagoya Mental Clinic. All patients met the criteria for the diagnosis of panic disorder (lifetime) based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), which was conducted in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Statistical analyses in this study were performed using one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons.
Results: Patients with panic disorder having a first-degree relative with panic disorder exhibited early onset of that disorder (mean difference: 6.64, <0.05), but the results suggest that having a family history of related psychiatric disorders other than panic disorder does not affect age at onset (mean difference: 0.11, >0.05). In addition, patients with panic disorder having a first-degree relative with the same disorder had a significantly greater number of symptoms during their first panic attack (mean difference: -1.90, <0.05), but results suggest that having a family history of related psychiatric disorders other than panic disorder does not affect the number of symptoms (mean difference: -0.84, >0.05).
Conclusion: These findings will help in the treatment of patients with panic disorder.
There are also several limitations to this study. In the future, we want to increase the number of samples and produce further reports.
Ken Inoue 1, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0710-481X
HisanobuKaiya2, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8701-5015
Naomi Hara 3, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-1107
Yuji Okazaki 4, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-0284
1 Health Service Center, Kochi University &Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; previously, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan;
2 Warakukai Incorporated Medical Institution Nagoya Mental Clinic, Aichi, Japan;
3 Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; previously, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan;
4 Michinoo Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; previously, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
1. Abe R., Watanabe Y., Tachibana A., Nunokawa A., Shindo M., Hasegawa N. et al. Exploration of a possible association between the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene and panic symptoms induced by carbon dioxide in healthy individuals.Psychiatry Research. 2012; 197(3): pp.358-359.
2. Battaglia M, Bertella S, Bajo S, Binaghi F, Bellodi L. Anticipation of age at onset in panic disorder.American Journal ofPsychiatry. 1998; 155(5): pp.590-595.
3. Blaya C., Salum G.A., Moorjani P., Seganfredo A.C., Heldt E., Leistner-Segal S. et al. Panic disorder and serotonergic genes (SLC6A4, HTR1A and HTR2A): Association and interaction with childhood trauma and parenting.Neuroscience Letters. 2010; 485(1): pp.11-15.
4. ChoiW.S., LeeB.H., YangJ.C., KimY.K. Association Study between 5-HT1A Receptor Gene C(-1019)G Polymorphism and Panic Disorder in a Korean Population. Psychiatry Investigation. 2010; 7(2): pp.141-146.
5. [Chairperson] Frances A., [Vice-Chairperson] Pincus H.A., [Editor] First MB, Andreasen NC, Barlow DH, Campbell M, et al. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision DSM-Ⅳ-TR Anxiety Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. 2000; 1: pp.429-443.
6. Goodwin R.D., Hamilton S.P.The early-onset fearful panic attack as a predictor of severe psychopathology.Psychiatry Research. 2002; 109(1): pp.71-79.
7. Gorka S.M., Nelson B.D., Shankman S.A. Startle response to unpredictable threat in comorbid panic disorder and alcohol dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2013; 132(1-2): pp.216-222.
8. Ishitobi Y., Nakayama S., Yamaguchi K., Kanehisa M., Higuma H., Maruyama Y. et al. Association of CRHR1 and CRHR2 with major depressive disorder and panic disorder in a Japanese population. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 2012; 159B(4): pp.429-436. Erratum in: American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 2013; 162(1): pp.78-85.
9. Kaiya H. Panic disorder – diagnosis and treatment. Clinic All-Round. 2011; 60(5): pp.777-779 (in Japanese).
10. Karacetin G., Bayoglu B., Cengiz M., Demir T., Kocabasoglu N., Uysal O. et al. Serotonin-2A receptor and catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphisms in panic disorder.ProgressinNeuro-psychopharmacology&BiologicalPsychiatry. 2012; 36(1): pp.5-10.
11. Kawamura Y., Otowa T., Koike A., Sugaya N., Yoshida E., Yasuda S. et al. A genome-wide CNV association study on panic disorder in a Japanese population. Journal of Human Genetics. 2011; 56(12): pp.852-856.
12. Kessler R.C., Chiu W.T., Jin R., Ruscio A.M., Shear K., Walters E.E. The epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2006; 63(4): pp.415-424.
13. Kessler R.C., Stang P.E., Wittchen H.U., Ustun T.B., Roy-Burne P.P., Walters E.E. Lifetime panic-depression comorbidity in the National Comorbidity Survey.Archives of General Psychiatry. 1998; 55(9): pp.801-808.
14. KilbaneE.J., Gokbayrak N.S., Galynker I., Cohen L., Tross S. A review of panic and suicide in bipolar disorder: does comorbidity increase risk?Journal of Affective Disorders. 2009; 115(1-2): pp.1-10.
15. Koido K., Traks T., Balõtšev R., Eller T., Must A., Koks S. et al. Associations between LSAMP gene polymorphisms and major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Translational Psychiatry. 2012; 2: pp.e152.
16. Otowa T., Kawamura Y., Sugaya N., Yoshida E., Shimada T., Liu X. et al. Association study of PDE4B with panic disorder in the Japanese population. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2011; 35(2): pp.545-549.
17. Otowa T., Yoshida E., Sugaya N., Yasuda S., Nishimura Y., Inoue K. et al. Genome-wide association study of panic disorder in the Japanese population. Journal of Human Genetics. 2009; 54(2): pp.122-126.
18. Pané-Farré C.A., Stender J.P., Fenske K., Deckert J., Reif A., John U. et al. The phenomenology of the first panic attack in clinical and community-based samples.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014; 28(6): pp.522-529.
19. Rapp E.K., White-Ajmani M.L., Antonius D., Goetz R.R., Harkavy-Friedman J.M., Savitz A.J. et al. Schizophrenia comorbid with panic disorder: evidence for distinct cognitive profiles. Psychiatry Research. 2012; 197(3): pp.206-211.
20. Seguí J., Márquez M., García L.Canet J., Salvador-Carulla L., Ortiz M.Differential clinical features of early-onset panic disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1999; 54(1-2): pp.109-117.
21. Traks T., Koido K., Balõtšev R.,Eller T., Kõks S., Maron E. et al. Polymorphisms of IKBKE gene are associated with major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Brain and Behavior. 2015; 5(4): pp.e00314.
22. Watanabe A., Nakao K., Tokuyama M., Takeda M.Prediction of first episode of panic attack among white-collar workers.Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2005; 59(2): pp.119-126.
Weber H., Scholz C.J., Domschke K., Baumann C., Klauke B., Jacob C.P., et al. Genderdifferencesinassociationsofglutamatedecarboxylase 1 gene (GAD1) variantswithpanicdisorder. PLoSOne. 2012;7(5): pp.e37651
Bibliography link
Ken Inoue, Hisanobu Kaiya, Naomi Hara, Yuji Okazaki Comparison of clinical features of panic disorder patients with and without family history of psychiatric disorders. Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2017, 5, pp. 67-75.