DIAGNOSTICS OF ORTHOPEDIC PATHOLOGY OF PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT. LITERATURE REVIEW
Background. Pathology of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is a common, but insufficiently understood problem. According to some authors, about 15% of first-time patients have an isolated patellofemoral pathology. In another 25% of patients, patellofemoral symptoms are a secondary manifestation of other diseases, such as instability of the anterior cruciate ligament and rupture of the meniscus. In the diagnosis of pathology PFJ important carefully collected history and a full clinical examination.
The purpose of this review is to summarize the data on the diagnosis of orthopedic pathology of the patellofemoral joint.
Search strategy. A literature search was conducted in PubMed / Scopus / MEDLINE electronic databases covering the last three decades by keywords: patellofemoral joint, osteoarthritis, tibiofemoral joint, syndrome of patellofemoral pain, diagnosis, methods. Inclusion criteria: available full-text articles on original research since 1987, diagnoses of primary osteoarthritis, exclusion criteria: articles - description of individual cases, articles in other foreign languages, other than English. 48 articles included in the analysis.
Results. Orthopedic pathology of PFJ is a serious, fairly common, but not enough studied problem. In the diagnosis of pathology PFJ important carefully collected history disease and a full clinical examination. Given the large range of orthopedic diseases characterized by similar clinical and anamnestic data, in the differential diagnosis and verification of the diagnosis it is advisable to use the entire arsenal of modern research methods (radiographs in various projections, CT, MRI) that complement traditional ones.
Conclusion. In the differential diagnosis and verification of the diagnosis of the pathology of the patellofemoral joint, it is advisable to use the entire arsenal of modern research methods (radiographs in various projections, CT, MRI) that complement the traditional ones.
Kenes R. Akilzhanov 1,2,
Marat A. Zhanaspaev 1,
1 Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics,
State Medical University of Semey, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 Department of Polytrauma, City Hospital No. 1, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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6. Aglietti P., Insall J.N., Cerulli G. Patellar pain and incongruence I: measurements of incongruence // Clin Orthop 1983;176:217-224.
7. Blumensaat C. Die Lageabweichungen und Verrenkungen der Kneesheibe // Ergeb Chir Ortho 1938;31:149.
8. Conlan T., Garth W.P. Jr., Lemons J.E. Evaluation of the medial soft tissue restraints of the extensor mechanism of the knee // J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993;75:682-693.
9. DeHaven K., Dolan W., Mayor P. Chondromalacia patellae in athletes: clinical presentation and conservative management // Am J Sports Med 1979;77:5-11.
10. Dye S., Boll D. Radionuclide imaging of the patellofemoral joint in young adults with anterior knee pain // Orthop Clin North Am 1986;17:249-261.
11. Dupont J.Y. Le genou douloureux «rotulien» // Revue pratitien.-1998.-Vol.48.-№ 16.-P.1781-1786.
12. Feller J.A., Feagin J.A. Jr., Garrett W.E. Jr. The medial patellofemoral ligament revisited: an anatomical study // Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1993;1:184-186
13. Fulkerson J.P. Disorders of the patellofemoral joint. - Baltimore: Williams&Wilkins, 1997. - 365 p.
14. Fulkerson J., Gossling H. Anatomy of the knee joint lateral retinaculum. Clin Orthop 1980;153:183.
15. Fulkerson J.P., Tennant R., Jaivin J.S., et al. Histologic evidence of retinacular nerve surgery associated with patellofemoral malalignment. Clin Orthop 1985;197:196-205.
16. Fulkerson J., Shea K. Disorders of patellofemoral alignment. J Bone Joint Surg 1990;72:1424-1429.
17. Fulkerson J.P., Kalenak A., Rosenberg T.D., et al. Patellofemoral pain. Instr Course Lect 1992;41:57-71.
18. Fulkerson J., Schulzer S., Ramsby G., et al. Computerized tomography of the patellofemoral joint before and after lateral release of realignment. Arthroscopy 1987;3:19-24.
19. Goodfellow J., Hungerford D., Zindel M. Patellofemoral joint mechanics and pathology: functional anatomy of the patellofemoral joint. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1976;58:287-290.
20. Greenfield M., Scott W. Arthroscopic evaluation and treatment of the patellofemoral joint. Orthop Clin North Am 1992;23:587-600.
21. Heegaard J., Leyvraz P.E., Van Kampen A., et al. Influence of soft structures on patellar three dimensional tracking. Clin Orthop 1994;299:235-243.
22. Holmes Sw.Jr., Clancy W.G.Jr. Clinical classification of patellofemoral pain and dysfunct // J. Orthop. Sport. Phys. Ther.-1998.-Vol.28.- № 5.-P.299-306.
23. Hungerford J., Barry M. Biomechanics on the patellofemoral joint. Clin Orthop 1979;149:9-15
24. Hughston J., Walsh W., Puddu G. Patellar subluxation and dislocation. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1984.
25. Insall J., Salvati E. Patella position in the normal knee joint. Radiology 1971;101:101-104.
26. Karlson J, Thomee R, Sward L. Eleven year follow-up of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin J Sports Med 1996;6:22-26
27. Koskinen S.K., Kujala U.M. Patellofemoral relationships and distal insertion of the vastus medialis muscle: a magnetic resonance imaging study in nonsymptomatic subjects and in patients with patellar dislocation. Arthroscopy 1992;8465-468.
28. Kolowich P.A., Paulos L.E., Rosenberg T.D,. et al. Lateral release of the patella: indications and contraindications. Am J Sports Med 1990;18:359-365.
29. Laurin C., Dussault R., Levesque H. The tangential x-ray investigation of the patellofemoral joint. Clin Orthop 1979;144:16-26.
30. Iossifidis A., Brueton R.N., Nunan T.O. Bone scintigraphy in painful bipartite patella. Eur J Nucl Med 1995;22:1212-1213.
31. Martinez S., Korobkin M., Fonder F.B., et al. Diagnosis of patellofemoral malalignment by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1983;7:1050-1053.
32. Merchant A.C. Patellofemoral disorders: biomechanics, diagnosis, and nonoperative treatment. In: McGinty JB, ed. Operative arthroscopy. New York: Raven Press, 1990:273.
33. Merchant A., Mercer R., Jacobson R., et al. Roentgenographic analysis of patellofemoral congruence. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1974;56:1391-1396.
34. Müller W. Hackenbruch W. Surgery and Arthroscopy of the Knee.-Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1988.-730 p.
35. Nakanishi K., Inoue M., Harada K., et al. Subluxation of the patella: evaluation of patellar articular cartilage with MR imaging. Br J Radiol 1992;65:662-667.
36. Sallay P.I., Poggi J, Speer KP, et al. Acute dislocation of the patella: a correlative pathoanatomic study. Am J Sports Med 1996;24:52-60.
37. Sanchis-Alfonso V., Sosello-Sastre E. Immunohistochemical analisis for neural markers of the lateral retinaculum in patients with isolated symptomatic patellofemoral malalignment: a neyroanatomic basis for anterior knee pain in the active young patient. Am J Sports Med 2000;28:725-731.
38. Sanchis-Alfonso V., Sosello-Sastre E., Monteagudo-Castro C., et al. Quantitative analysis of nerve changes in the lateral retinaculum in patients with isolated symptomatic patellofemoral malalignment: a preliminary study. Am J Sports Med 1998;26:703-709.
39. Sutton F., Thompson C., Lipke J., et al. The effect of patellectomy and knee function. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976;58:537-540.
40. Shellock F., Mink J., Fox J. Patellofemoral joint, kinematic MR imaging to assess tracking abnormalities. Radiology 1988;168:551-553.
41. Shellock F., Mink J., Deutsh A., et al. Evaluation of patients with persistent symptoms after lateral retinacular release by kinematic magnetic resonance imaging of the patellofemoral joint. Arthroscopy 1990;6:226-234.
42. Shellock F., Mink J., Deutsh A, et al. Kinematic MR imaging of the patellofemoral joint: comparison of passive positioning and active movement techniques. Radiology 1992;184:574-577.
43. Schutzer S., Ramsby G., Fulkerson J. The evaluation of patellofemoral pain using omputerized tomography: a preliminary study. Clin Orthop 1986;204:286-293.
44. Van Leersum M.D., Schweitzer M.E., Gannon F., et al. Thickness of patellofemoral articular cartilage as measured on MR imaging: sequence comparison of accuracy, reproducibility, and interobserver variation. Skeletal Radiol 1995;24:431-435.
45. Warren L.F., Marshall J.L. The supporting structures and layers on the medial side of the knee: an anatomical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1979;61:56-62.
46. Wiberg G. Roentgenographic and anatomic studies on the patellofemoral joint with special reference to chondromalacia patella. Acta Orthop Scand 1941; 12:319-410.
47. Whitelaw G., Rullo D., Markowitz H., et al. A conservative approach to anterior knee pain. Clin Orthop 1989;246:234-237
48. Witvrouw E., Lysens R., Bellemans J., et al. Intrinsic risk factors for the development of anterior knee pain in an athletic population: a two year prospective study. Am J Sports Med 2000;28:480-489.
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6. Aglietti P., Insall J.N., Cerulli G. Patellar pain and incongruence I: measurements of incongruence. Clin Orthop. 1983;176:217-224.
7. Blumensaat C. Die Lageabweichungen und Verrenkungen der Kneesheibe. Ergeb Chir Ortho 1938;31:149.
8. Conlan T., Garth W.P. Jr., Lemons J.E. Evaluation of the medial soft tissue restraints of the extensor mechanism of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993;75:682-693.
9. DeHaven K., Dolan W., Mayor P. Chondromalacia patellae in athletes: clinical presentation and conservative management. Am J Sports Med. 1979;77:5-11.
10. Dye S., Boll D. Radionuclide imaging of the patellofemoral joint in young adults with anterior knee pain. Orthop Clin North Am. 1986;17:249-261.
11. Dupont J.Y. Le genou douloureux «rotulien». Revue pratitien. 1998. Vol.48. № 16. P.1781-1786.
12. Feller J.A., Feagin J.A. Jr., Garrett W.E. Jr. The medial patellofemoral ligament revisited: an anatomical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1993;1:184-186
13. Fulkerson J.P. Disorders of the patellofemoral joint.-Baltimore: Williams&Wilkins, 1997.- 365 p.
14. Fulkerson J., Gossling H. Anatomy of the knee joint lateral retinaculum. Clin Orthop 1980;153:183.
15. Fulkerson J.P., Tennant R., Jaivin J.S., et al. Histologic evidence of retinacular nerve surgery associated with patellofemoral malalignment. Clin Orthop 1985;197:196-205.
16. Fulkerson J., Shea K. Disorders of patellofemoral alignment. J Bone Joint Surg. 1990;72:1424-1429.
17. Fulkerson J.P., Kalenak A., Rosenberg T.D., et al. Patellofemoral pain. Instr Course Lect. 1992;41:57-71.
18. Fulkerson J., Schulzer S., Ramsby G., et al. Computerized tomography of the patellofemoral joint before and after lateral release of realignment. Arthroscopy. 1987;3:19-24.
19. Goodfellow J., Hungerford D., Zindel M. Patellofemoral joint mechanics and pathology: functional anatomy of the patellofemoral joint. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1976;58:287-290.
20. Greenfield M., Scott W. Arthroscopic evaluation and treatment of the patellofemoral joint. Orthop Clin North Am 1992;23:587-600.
21. Heegaard J., Leyvraz P.E., Van Kampen A., et al. Influence of soft structures on patellar three dimensional tracking. Clin Orthop. 1994;299:235-243.
22. Holmes Sw.Jr., Clancy W.G.Jr. Clinical classification of patellofemoral pain and dysfunct. J. Orthop. Sport. Phys. Ther.-1998.-Vol.28.- № 5.-P.299-306.
23. Hungerford J., Barry M. Biomechanics on the patellofemoral joint. Clin Orthop. 1979;149:9-15
24. Hughston J., Walsh W., Puddu G. Patellar subluxation and dislocation. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1984.
25. Insall J., Salvati E. Patella position in the normal knee joint. Radiology 1971;101:101-104.
26. Karlson J, Thomee R, Sward L. Eleven year follow-up of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin J Sports Med. 1996;6:22-26
27. Koskinen S.K., Kujala U.M. Patellofemoral relationships and distal insertion of the vastus medialis muscle: a magnetic resonance imaging study in nonsymptomatic subjects and in patients with patellar dislocation. Arthroscopy. 1992;8465-468.
28. Kolowich P.A., Paulos L.E., Rosenberg T.D,. et al. Lateral release of the patella: indications and contraindications. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:359-365.
29. Laurin C., Dussault R., Levesque H. The tangential x-ray investigation of the patellofemoral joint. Clin Orthop. 1979;144:16-26.
30. Iossifidis A., Brueton R.N., Nunan T.O. Bone scintigraphy in painful bipartite patella. Eur J Nucl Med. 1995;22:1212-1213.
31. Martinez S., Korobkin M., Fonder F.B., et al. Diagnosis of patellofemoral malalignment by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1983;7:1050-1053.
32. Merchant A.C. Patellofemoral disorders: biomechanics, diagnosis, and nonoperative treatment. In: McGinty JB, ed. Operative arthroscopy. New York: Raven Press, 1990:273.
33. Merchant A., Mercer R., Jacobson R., et al. Roentgenographic analysis of patellofemoral congruence. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974;56:1391-1396.
34. Müller W., Hackenbruch W. Surgery and Arthroscopy of the Knee. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1988.-730 p.
35. Nakanishi K., Inoue M., Harada K., et al. Subluxation of the patella: evaluation of patellar articular cartilage with MR imaging. Br J Radiol 1992;65:662-667.
36. Sallay P.I., Poggi J, Speer KP, et al. Acute dislocation of the patella: a correlative pathoanatomic study. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:52-60.
37. Sanchis-Alfonso V., Sosello-Sastre E. Immunohistochemical analisis for neural markers of the lateral retinaculum in patients with isolated symptomatic patellofemoral malalignment: a neyroanatomic basis for anterior knee pain in the active young patient. Am J Sports. Med 2000;28:725-731.
38. Sanchis-Alfonso V., Sosello-Sastre E., Monteagudo-Castro C., et al. Quantitative analysis of nerve changes in the lateral retinaculum in patients with isolated symptomatic patellofemoral malalignment: a preliminary study. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:703-709.
39. Sutton F., Thompson C., Lipke J., et al. The effect of patellectomy and knee function. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:537-540.
40. Shellock F., Mink J., Fox J. Patellofemoral joint, kinematic MR imaging to assess tracking abnormalities. Radiology. 1988;168:551-553.
41. Shellock F., Mink J., Deutsh A., et al. Evaluation of patients with persistent symptoms after lateral retinacular release by kinematic magnetic resonance imaging of the patellofemoral joint. Arthroscopy. 1990;6:226-234.
42. Shellock F., Mink J., Deutsh A, et al. Kinematic MR imaging of the patellofemoral joint: comparison of passive positioning and active movement techniques. Radiology. 1992;184:574-577.
43. Schutzer S., Ramsby G., Fulkerson J. The evaluation of patellofemoral pain using omputerized tomography: a preliminary study. Clin Orthop. 1986;204:286-293.
44. Van Leersum M.D., Schweitzer ME, Gannon F, et al. Thickness of patellofemoral articular cartilage as measured on MR imaging: sequence comparison of accuracy, reproducibility, and interobserver variation. Skeletal Radiol. 1995;24:431-435.
45. Warren L.F., Marshall J.L. The supporting structures and layers on the medial side of the knee: an anatomical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61:56-62.
46. Wiberg G., Roentgenographic and anatomic studies on the patellofemoral joint with special reference to chondromalacia patella. Acta Orthop Scand. 1941; 12:319-410.
47. Whitelaw G., Rullo D., Markowitz H., et al. A conservative approach to anterior knee pain. Clin Orthop. 1989;246:234-237
48. Witvrouw E., Lysens R., Bellemans J., et al. Intrinsic risk factors for the development of anterior knee pain in an athletic population: a two year prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28:480-489.
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Акильжанов К.Р., Жанаспаев М.А. Диагностика ортопедической патологии пателлофеморального сустава. Обзор литературы // Наука и Здравоохранение. 2018. 5 (Т.20). С. 31-41. Akilzhanov K.R., Zhanaspaev M.A. Diagnostics of orthopedic pathology of patellofemoral joint. Literature review. Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2018, (Vol.20) 5, pp. 31-41. Акильжанов К.Р., Жанаспаев М.А. Пателлофеморалды буынның ортопедиялық патологиясының диагностикасы. Әдебиеттік шолу // Ғылым және Денсаулық сақтау. 2018. 5 (Т.20). Б. 31-41.Related publications:
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