EOSINOPHILIC CATIONIC PROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Relevance: Allergic rhinitis is a common disease of the upper respiratory tract, which causes great damage to the quality of life of patients. Allergic rhinitis often remains undiagnosed, resulting in improper treatment. As a result, patients experience severity of the condition and development of complications.
In upper respiratory tract diseases, the content of eosinophils in the blood increases. Eosinophils contain several major proteins, the best known being eosinophilic cationic protein. Eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) often defined with blood eosinophilia in allergic upper respiratory tract diseases. Furthermore, eosinophilic cationic protein is use for monitor allergic diseases.
Objective: To analyze articles describing studies of the level of eosinophilic cationic protein and the content of eosinophils in nasal secretions, saliva and blood serum in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Research strategy. Literature was searched in the electronic databases PubMed, GoogleScholar and e-library for keywords (eosinophilic cationic protein, eosinophils, allergic rhinitis). The search depth was 10 years (from 2008 to 2018). Relevant works reflecting the characteristics of the problem were taken for description in the review.
Results: An analysis of the articles showed the importance of studying the level of eosinophilic cationic protein in nasal secretions, saliva and blood serum in patients with allergic rhinitis. ECP can be actively used in the diagnosis of allergic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect as a biomarker. However, despite numerous studies of the relationship between increased ECP in allergic rhinitis, the question of correlating the level of ECP with the severity of the disease remains little studied.
Conclusion: Thus, allergic respiratory diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, are closely related to eosinophils, which infiltrate local tissue. ECP can be actively used in the diagnosis of allergic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect as a biomarker. However, despite numerous studies of the relationship between increased ECP in allergic rhinitis, the question of correlating the level of ECP with the severity of the disease remains little studied.
Marina R. Izmaylovich1, Meruert A. Gazalieva1, Natalia E. Glushkova2, Gaziza T. Abuova1, Bayan K. Kasymbekova1, Bibigul S. Koshkarbaeva1
1 NPJSC «Medical University of Karaganda», Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2. NPJSC «Medical University of Semey», Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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26. Minai-Fleminger Y., Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cells and eosinophils: the two key effector cells in allergic inflammation // Inflammation. N 58. P. 631-638.
27. Navarro S., Boix E., Cuchillo C.M., Nogués M.V. Eosinophil-induced neurotoxicity: the role of eosinophil cationic protein/RNase 3 // Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2010. N 227(1-2). P. 60-70.
28. Panzner P., Malkusová I., Vachová M. Bronchial inflammation in seasonal allergic rhinitis with or without asthma in relation to natural exposure to pollen allergens // Allergologia et Immunopathologia. 2013. P. 539-545.
29. Pawlak E. A., Noah T. L., Zhou H., Chehrazi C., Robinette C., Diaz-Sanchez D., Müller L., Jasper I. Diesel exposure suppresses natural killer cell function and resolution of eosinophil inflammation: a randomized controlled trial of exposure in allergic rhinitics // Particle and Fibre Toxicology. 2016. N 13(1). P. 24.
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31. Rabelo de Oliveira P.C., Oliveira de Lima P., Oliveira D.T. Eosinophil Cationic Protein: Overview of Biological and Genetic Features // DNA and cell biology. 2012. N 31. P. 1442–1446.
32. Semik-Orzech A., Barczyk A., Wiaderkiewicz R., Pierzchala W. Eotaxin, but not IL-8, is increased in upper and lower airways of allergic rhinitis subjects after nasal allergen challenge // Allergy & Asthma Proceedings. 2011. N 3.P. 230-238.
33. Topic R.Z., Dodig S. Eosinophil cationic protein— current concepts and controversies // Biochemical Medicine. 2011. N 21. P. 111–121.
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35. Wallace D.V., Dykewicz M.S. Comparing the evidence in allergic rhinitis guidelines // Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2017. N 17. P.27-41.
36. Weber R.W. Allergic rhinitis // Primary Care. 2008. N 35(1). P.1–10.
37. Wu K.G., Li T.H., Chen C.J. Correlations of serum interleukin-16, total ige, eosinophil cationic protein and total eosinophil counts with disease activity in children with atopic dermatitis // International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2011. N 24. P. 15–23.
38. Yanagibashi T., Satoh M., Nagai Y., Koike M., Takatsu K. Allergic diseases: From bench to clinic - Contribution of the discovery of interleukin-5 // Cytokine. 2017. N 98. P. 59-70.
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40. Zhu J. T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development and regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production // Cytokine. 2015. N 75(1). P. 14–24.
41. Zrinski Topic R., Dodig S. Eosinophil cationic protein – current concepts and controversies // Biochemia Medica. 2011. N 21(2). P. 111–121.
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11. Bystrom J., Amin K., Bishop-Bailey D. Analysing the eosinophil cationic protein—a clue to the function of the eosinophil granulocyte. Respiratory Research. 2011. N 12(1). P. 10.
12. Bystrom J., Patel S. Y., Amin K., Bishop-Bailey D. Dissecting the role of eosinophil cationic protein in upper airway disease. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2012. N 12. P. 18–23.
13. Chen Y.B., Liu Y.H. The application of eosinophil cationic protein on inflammatory disease of airway. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2016. N 30(18). P. 1488-1491.
14. De A., Rajagopalan M., Sarda A., Das S., Biswas P. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: An update and review of recent literature. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2018. N 63. P. 30-40.
15. Duan C.X., Tian Y., Zhang F., Tao Z.Z. Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy and subcutaneous immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2016. N 30(17). P. 1354-1358.
16. Gour N., Wills-Karp M. IL-4 and IL-13 Signaling in Allergic Airway Disease. Cytokine. 2015. N 75(1). P. 68–78.
17. Greiner A.N., Hellings P.W., Rotiroti G., Scadding G.K. Allergic rhinitis. Lancet. 2011. N 378. P. 2112–2122.
18. Gu D.S., Li P.Z. Tryptase and ECP are related to olfactory dysfunction in allergic rhinitis. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2016. N 30(17). P. 1401-1403.
19. Hasan A.K., Timothy D.R. Allergic Rhinitis. Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice. 2016. N 43. P. 465–475.
20. Hill D.A., Grundmeier R.W., Ram G., Spergel J.M. The epidemiologic characteristics of healthcare provider-diagnosed eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy in children: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatrics. 2016. N 16. P. 133.
21. Hyun Jin Min, Young Ho Hong, Hoon Shik Yang, Kyung Soo Kim. The correlation of serum eosinophil cationic protein level with eosinophil count, and total IgE level in Korean adult allergic rhinitis patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology. 2016. N 34. P. 290-294.
22. Kim S.T., Han D.H., Moon I.J. Clinical and immunologic effects of sublingual immunotherapy on patients with allergic rhinitis to house-dust mites: 1-year follow-up results. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy. 2010. N 24. P. 271–275.
23. Kırgezen T., Server E.A., Turanoğlu F.S., Yiğit Ö., Uzun H., Durmuş S. Salivary Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Allergic Rhinitis. Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. 2019. N 57(2). P. 91–94.
24. Legrand F., Driss V. Human eosinophils exert TNF-alpha and granzyme A-mediated tumoricidal activity toward colon carcinoma cells. The Journal of Immunology. 2010. N 185. P. 7443–7451.
25. Luo J.L., Zhao X.M. The significance and application of serum eosinophil cationic proteinand IgG4 antibody in patients with allergic rhinitistreated by allergic specific immunotherapy. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2016. N 30(13).P. 1047-1048.
26. Minai-Fleminger Y., Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cells and eosinophils: the two key effector cells in allergic inflammation. Inflammation. N 58. P. 631-638.
27. Navarro S., Boix E., Cuchillo C.M., Nogués M.V. Eosinophil-induced neurotoxicity: the role of eosinophil cationic protein/RNase 3. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2010. N 227(1-2). P. 60-70.
28. Panzner P., Malkusová I., Vachová M. Bronchial inflammation in seasonal allergic rhinitis with or without asthma in relation to natural exposure to pollen allergens. Allergologia et Immunopathologia. 2013. P. 539-545.
29. Pawlak E. A., Noah T. L., Zhou H., Chehrazi C., Robinette C., Diaz-Sanchez D., Müller L., Jasper I. Diesel exposure suppresses natural killer cell function and resolution of eosinophil inflammation: a randomized controlled trial of exposure in allergic rhinitics. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. 2016. N 13(1). P. 24.
30. Peona V, De Amici M., Quaglini S. Serum eosinophilic cationic protein: is there a role in respiratory disorders? Journal of Asthma. 2010. N 47. P.131–134.
31. Rabelo de Oliveira P.C., Oliveira de Lima P., Oliveira D.T. Eosinophil Cationic Protein: Overview of Biological and Genetic Features. DNA and cell biology. 2012. N 31. P. 1442–1446.
32. Semik-Orzech A., Barczyk A., Wiaderkiewicz R., Pierzchala W. Eotaxin, but not IL-8, is increased in upper and lower airways of allergic rhinitis subjects after nasal allergen challenge. Allergy & Asthma Proceedings. 2011. N 3.P. 230-238.
33. Topic R.Z., Dodig S. Eosinophil cationic protein— current concepts and controversies. Biochemical Medicine. 2011. N 21. P. 111–121.
34. Varricchi G., Bagnasco D., Borriello F.,a Heffler E., Canonica G.W. Interleukin-5 pathway inhibition in the treatment of eosinophilic respiratory disorders: evidence and unmet needs. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2016. N 16(2). P. 186–200.
35. Wallace D.V., Dykewicz M.S. Comparing the evidence in allergic rhinitis guidelines. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2017. N 17. P.27-41.
36. Weber R.W. Allergic rhinitis. Primary Care. 2008. N 35(1). P.1–10.
37. Wu K.G., Li T.H., Chen C.J. Correlations of serum interleukin-16, total ige, eosinophil cationic protein and total eosinophil counts with disease activity in children with atopic dermatitis. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2011. N 24. P. 15–23.
38. Yanagibashi T., Satoh M., Nagai Y., Koike M., Takatsu K. Allergic diseases: From bench to clinic - Contribution of the discovery of interleukin-5. Cytokine. 2017. N 98. P. 59-70.
39. Yu J.Q., Luo Q., Xiong Y.P., Kang X., Luo L.P., Zhang J., Huang X.Y., Ye J. Expression of LC3 and ECP in allergic rhinitis and their significance. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2019. N 33(4). P. 322-325. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.04.009.
40. Zhu J. T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development and regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production. Cytokine. 2015. N 75(1). P. 14–24.
41. Zrinski Topic R., Dodig S. Eosinophil cationic protein – current concepts and controversies. Biochemia Medica. 2011. N 21(2). P. 111–121.
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Bibliography link
Izmaylovich M.R., Gazalieva M.A., Glushkova N.E., Abuova G.T., Kasymbekova B.K., Koshkarbaeva B.S. Eosinophilic cationic protein in patients with allergic rhinitis // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2020, (Vol.22) 1, pp. 39-47. doi:10.34689/SH.2020.22.1.004Related publications:
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