CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS FOR LUNG CANCER. LITERATURE REVIEW.
Introduction: Lung cancer continues to occupy a leading position in the structure of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Morbidity and mortality rates vary depending on the regions and their level of socio-economic development. The incidence of lung cancer in the population has a clear correlation with smoking status.
Aim: to provide a review of literature data of recent years on epidemiology and leading risk factors for lung cancer.
Research strategy for publications included the search for literary sources on a research topic indexed in the databases of the electronic library e-Library, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct. To compile the review, we studied publications over the past 10 years, from 2010 to 2019, the original language is English. The search for publications was carried out in the databases of the electronic library Elibrary, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct. The review was based on sources containing reports on randomized and cohort studies (9), meta-analyses (8) and systematic reviews (4). The study excluded recurring publications, articles that discussed the clinic, treatment and complications of lung cancer, as well as articles about individual cases and summaries of reports. A total of 126 publications were analyzed, of which 67 articles corresponded to the research goals.
Results: in accordance with modern concepts, most researchers identify the leading role of Smoking as a risk factor in the mechanism of lung cancer carcinogenesis and note a clear relationship between the duration of smoking and the type of tobacco products with indicators of morbidity, mortality, survival and histological type of tumor. Along with smoking, risk factors may be occupational risk factors, environmental pollution with toxicants and others. Many authors note the increase in Smoking among women in recent years and predict an increase in the prevalence of cancer in them. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and the five-year survival rate for women with lung cancer is higher than for men. Targeted efforts by state governments to control well-established risk factors will have the greatest impact on reducing the burden of lung cancer.
Anissa Zh. Mukhambetzhan1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-9037
Saltanat T. Urazayeva1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-0807
Olzhas N. Urazayev2, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-342X
Kymbat Sh. Tussupkaliyeva1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-378X
Toleukhan B. Begalin1, https://orcid.org//0000-0003-2338-6236
Aimeken A. Amanshiyeva1, https://orcid.org//0000-0003-4054-4347
Zhuldyz K. Tashimova1, https://orcid.org//0000-0001-7708-2049
Gaukhar B. Kumar1, https://orcid.org//0000-0001-7141-9958
Shara M. Nurmukhamedova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-3545
1The Department of Epidemiology, 2The Department of Oncology and Visual Diagnosis,
West Kazakhstan medical University named after Marat Ospanov,
Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan.
1. Немченко А.С., Фурса Л.И. Исследование социально-эпидемиологических показателей злокачественными новообразованиями трахеи, бронхов и легких в Украине // Управление, экономика и обеспечение качества. 2014, №4 (Т.36), С. 47-52.
2. Нургазиев К.Н., Жылкайдарова А.Ж., Нургалиев Н.С., Нерсесов А.В., Ахметжанов О.Т., Ишкинин Е.И. Профилактика наиболее распространенных злокачественных новообразований. Методические рекомендации Национального Центра проблем формирования здорового образа жизни. Алматы, 2014, С.8-9.
3. Статистический сборник "Здоровье населения Республики Казахстан и деятельность организации здравоохранения в 2018г". Издательскийдом «Глобус», Алматы, 2018. С.288-291.
4. Abbey E. Poirier, YibingRuan, Stephen D.Walter, Eduardo L. Franco, Paul J.Villeneuve, Will D.King, KarenaD.Volesky, Dylan E. O’Sullivan, Christine M.Friedenreich, Darren R. Brenner, Оn behalf of the ComPARe Study Team. The future burden of cancer in Canada: Long-term cancer incidence projections 2013–2042 //Cancer Epidemiology.Volume 59, April 2019, Pages 199-207.
5. Alberg A.J., Brock M.V., Ford J.G., Samet J.M., Spivack S.D. Epidemiology of lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines // Chest. 2013 May;143(5 Suppl):e1S-e29S.
6. Alberg A.J. Cancer: Epidemiology of Lung Cancer // Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition (Third Edition) 2013, Pages 259-264.
7. Alonso R., Piñeros M., Laversanne M., Musetti C., Garau M., Barrios E., Bray F. Lung cancer incidence trends in Uruguay 1990–2014: An age-period-cohort analysis. // Cancer Epidemiology. Volume 55, August 2018, P.17-22.
8. Anna May Suidan, LailaRoisman, Anna Belilovski Rozenblum, Maya Ilouze, Elizabeth Dudnik, Alona Zer, Nir Peled. Lung Cancer in Young Patients: Higher Rate of Driver Mutations and Brain Involvement, but Better Survival. Journal of Global Oncology, no. 5 (December 01, 2019) 1-8.
9. Anne Cowppli-Bony, Marc Colonna, Karine Ligier, Valérie Jooste, Gautier Defossez, Alain Monnereau, le Réseau Francim. Descriptive epidemiology of cancer in metropolitan France: Incidence, survival and prevalence // Bulletin du Cancer Volume 106, Issues 7–8, July–August 2019, Pages 617-634.
10. Beuy Jooba, Viroj Wiwanitkit. Increased chances of developing cancer due to inhalation of asbestos from roof tile // The Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 2019, 68:192–193.
11. Boloker G., Wang C., Zhang J. Updated statistics of lung and bronchus cancer in United States // J Thorac Dis 2018;10:1158-61.
12. Casal-Mouriño A., Valdés L., Barros-Dios J.M., Ruano-Ravina A. Lung cancer survival among never smokers // Cancer Lett. 2019 Jun 1;451:142-149.
13. Cassie L. Odahowski, James R. Hébert, Jan M. Eberth. Regional variation in lung and bronchus cancer survival in the US using mortality-to-incidence ratios // Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Volume 26, August 2018, Pages 107-112.
14. Chen W., Zhang S., Zou X. Evaluation on the incidence, mortality and tendency of lung cancer in China // Thorac Cancer. 2010 May;1(1):35-40.
15. Chen W.Q., Zuo T.T., Zheng R.S., Zeng H.M., Zhang S.W., He J.Lung cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2013 // ZhonghuaZhong Liu ZaZhi. 2017 Oct 23;39(10):795-800.
16. Chima A. Osuoha, Karen E. Callahan, Carmen P. Poncec, Paulo S. Pinheiro. Disparities in lung cancer survival and receipt of surgical treatment // Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2018, Vol: 122, Page: 54-59.
17. Christian W. Jay, Nathan L. Vanderford, Jaclyn McDowell, Bin Huang, Eric B. Durbin, Kimberly J. Absher, Courtney J. Walker, Susanne M. Arnold. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Lung CancerHistological Types in Kentucky, 1995–2014 // Cancer Control. 2019 April. Volume 26: 1-8.
18. Christina Bruder, Jean-Luc Bulliard, Simon Germann, Isabelle Konzelmann, Murielle Bochud, Magali Leyvraz, Arnaud Chiolero. Estimating lifetime and 10-year risk of lung cancer // Prev Med Rep. 2018 Sep; 11: 125–130.
19. Das A., Krishnamurthy A., Ramshankar V., Sagar T.G., Swaminathan R. The increasing challenge of never smokers with adenocarcinoma lung: Need to look beyond tobacco exposure //Indian J Cancer. 2017 Jan-Mar;54(1):172-177.
20. Dela Cruz C.S., Tanoue L.T., Matthay R.A. Lung cancer: epidemiology, etiology, and prevention // Clin Chest Med. 2011 Dec;32(4):605-44.
21. Dresler C. The changing epidemic of lung cancer and occupational and environmental risk factors // ThoracSurgClin. 2013 May;23(2):113-22.
22. Fisher M.T., Tan-Torres S.M., Gaworski C.L., Black R.A., Sarkar M.A. Smokeless tobacco mortality risks: an analysis of two contemporary nationally representative longitudinal mortality studies // Harm Reduct J. 2019 Apr 11;16(1):27.
23. Francisco Torres-Avilés, Tomás Moraga, Loreto Núñez, Gloria Icaza. Lung cancer mortality trends in Chile and six-year projections using Bayesian dynamic linear models // Cad. SaúdePública, Rio de Janeiro, 2015.31(9):1-7.
24. German R.R., Fink A.K., Heron M., Stewart S.L., Johnson C.J., Finch J.L., Yin D. Accuracy of Cancer Mortality Study Group. The accuracy of cancer mortality statistics based on death certificates in the United States // Cancer Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;35(2):126-31.
25. Guilherme Jorge Costa, Maria Júlia Gonçalves de Mello, Carlos Gil Ferreira, Anke Bergmann, Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler. Lung Cancer Increased incidence, morbidity and mortality rates for lung cancer in women in Brazil between 2000 and 2014: An analysis of three types of sources of secondary data Author links open overlay panel // Lung Cancer Volume 125, November 2018, Pages 77-85.
26. Hong S.,Mok Y.,Jeon C.,Jee S.H.,Samet J.M. Tuberculosis, smoking and risk for lung cancer incidence and mortality // Int J Cancer.2016 Dec 1;139(11):2447-55.
27. Houston K.A., Mitchell K.A., King J., White A., Ryan B.M. Histologic Lung Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends Vary by Race/Ethnicity and Residential County //J ThoracOncol. 2018 Apr;13(4):497-509.
28. How S.H., Ng T.H., Kuan Y.C., Jamalludin A.R., Fauzi A.R. Survival of lung cancer patients in a resource-limited country //Asia Pac J ClinOncol. 2015 Sep;11(3):221-7.
29. Ji Young Park, Seung Hun Jang The annual 2012 report Epidemiology of Lung Cancer in Korea: Recent Trends. TubercRespir Dis 2016;79:58-69.
30. Jung K.J., Jeon C., Jee S.H. The effect of smoking on lung cancer: ethnic differences and the smoking paradox // Epidemiol Health. 2016 Dec 20;38:e2016060.
31. Kaidarova D.R., Dushimova Z.D., Orazgalieva M.G., Shatkovskaya O.A., Satbaeva E.B.Algorithmf molecular genetic testing for lung cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan // Oncology and Radiology of Kazakhstan, №4 (54) 2019, p.10-11.
32. Kinoshita F.L., Ito Y., Morishima T., Miyashiro I., Nakayama T. Sex differences in lung cancer survival: long-term trends using population-based cancer registry data in Osaka, Japan // Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2017 Sep 1;47(9):863-869.
33. Kinoshita F.L., Ito Y., Nakayama T. Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence Rates by Histological Type in 1975-2008: A Population-Based Study in Osaka, Japan // J Epidemiol. 2016 Nov 5;26(11):579-586.
34. Lachgar A., Tazi M.A., Afif M., Er-Raki A., Kebdani T., Benjaafar N. Lung cancer: Incidence and survival in Rabat, Morocco // Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique Volume 64, Issue 6, December 2016, P.391-395.
35. Lewis D.R., Check D.P., Caporaso N.E., Travis W.D., Devesa S.S. US lung cancer trends by histologic type // Cancer. 2014. Sep 15;120(18):2883-92.
36. Li J., Guo W., Ran J., Tang R., Lin H., Chen X., Ning B., Li J., Zhou Y., Chen L.C., Tian L., Huang Y. Five-year lung cancer mortality risk analysis and topography in Xuan Wei: a spatiotemporal correlation analysis // BMC Public Health. 2019 Feb 11;19(1):173.
37.Mao Y., Yang D., He J., Krasna M.J. Epidemiology of Lung Cancer // SurgOncolClin N Am. 2016 Jul;25(3):439-45.
38.Mazières J., Pujol J.L., Kalampalikis N., Bouvry D., Quoix E., Filleron T,. Targowla N., Jodelet D., Milia J., Milleron B. Perception of lung cancer among the general population and comparison with other cancers. // J ThoracOncol. 2015 Mar;10(3):420-5.
39. Miranda-Filho A., Piñeros M., Bray F. The descriptive epidemiology of lung cancer and tobacco control: a global overview 2018 // Salud Publica Mex. 2019 May-Jun;61(3):219-229.
40. Mirjana Nedović-Vuković, Dragan Laušević and Goran Trajković Lung cancer mortality in Montenegro, 1990 to 2015 // Croat Med J. 2019 Feb; 60(1): 26–32.
41. Narjust Duma, Rafael Santana-Davila, Julian R. Molina None-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Epidemiology, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment // Mayo Clin Proc. n August 2019;94(8):1623-1640.
42. Nyhan M.M., Rice M., Blomberg A., Coull B.A., Garshick E., Vokonas P., Schwartz J., Gold D.R., Koutrakis P. Associations between ambient particle radioactivity and lung function. // Environ Int. 2019 Sep;130:104795.
43. Paolo Boffetta1 - Classic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer // IASLC Thoracic Oncology (Second Edition).2018, Pages 1-8.e3.
44. Pastorinoa U., Sverzellatib N., Sestinia S., Silvab M., Sabiaa F., Boerid M., Cantaruttic A., Sozzid G., Corraoc G., Marchianò A. Ten-year results of the Multicentric Italian Lung Detection trial demonstrate the safety and efficacy of biennial lung cancer screening. // European Journal of Cancer Volume 118, September 2019, Pages 142-148.
45. Patel M.I., McKinley M., Cheng I., Haile R., Wakelee H., Gomez S.L. Lung cancer incidence trends in California by race/ethnicity, histology, sex, and neighborhood socioeconomic status: An analysis spanning 28 years //Lung Cancer. 2017 Jun;108:140-149.
46. Qingwei Luo, Julia Steinberga, Dianne L. O’Connella, Xue Qin Yu, Michael Caruana, Stephen Wade, Francesca Pesola, Paul B. Groganbe, Anita Dessaix, Becky Freeman, Sally Dunlop, Peter Sasieni, Tony Blakely, Emily Banks, Karen Canfell Lung Cancer Lung cancer mortality in Australia in the twenty-first century: How many lives can be saved with effective tobacco control? // Lung Cancer Volume 130, April 2019, Pages 208-215.
47. Qingwei Luo, Xue Qin Yu, Stephen Wade, Michael Caruana, Francesca Pesola, Karen Canfell, Dianne L. O’Connell. Lung Cancer Lung cancer mortality in Australia: Projected outcomes to 2040 // Lung Cancer Volume 125, November 2018, Pages 68-76.
48. Rafiemanesh H., Mehtarpour M., Khani F., et al. Epidemiology, incidence and mortality of lung cancer and their relationship with the development index in the world // J Thorac Dis. 2016;8:1094-102.
49. Ramírez-Tirado L.A., Uribe-Ortiz C.E., Arrieta O., Tirado-Gómez L.L. Lung cancer mortality and municipalmarginalization in Mexico, 1998-2016 // Salud Publica Mex. 2019;61:249-256.
50. Rodríguez-Barranco M., Salamanca-Fernández E., Fajardo M.L., Bayo E., Chang-Chan Y.L., Expósito J., García C., Tallón J., Minicozzi P.,Sant M., Petrova D., Luque-Fernandez M.A., Sánchez M.J. Patient, tumor, and healthcare factors associated with regional variability in lung cancer survival: a Spanish high-resolution population-based study // ClinTranslOncol. 2019 May;21(5):621-629.
51. Salhab H.A., Fares M.Y., Khachfe H.H., Khachfe H.M. Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer Incidence in Lebanon. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 May 28;55(6).
52. Schabath M.B., Cress D., Munoz-Antonia T. Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Epidemiology and Genomics of Lung Cancer // Cancer Control. 2016 Oct;23(4):338-346.
53. Schwartz A.G., Cote M.L. Epidemiology of Lung Cancer // Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;893:21-41.
54. Seijo L.M., Peled N., Ajona D., Boeri M., Field J.K., Sozzi G., Pio R., Zulueta J.J., Spira A., Massion P.P., Mazzone P.J., Montuenga L.M. Biomarkers in Lung Cancer Screening: Achievements, Promises, and Challenges // Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2019. Mar; 14(3):343-357.
55. She J., Yang P., Hong Q., Bai C. Lung cancer in China: challenges and interventions // Chest. 2013 Apr;143(4):1117-1126.
56. Sun K.X., Zheng R.S., Zeng H.M., Zhang S.W., Zou X.N., Gu X.Y., Xia C.F., Yang Z.X., Li H., Chen W.Q., He J. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China, 2014 // Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2018 Nov 23;40(11):805-811.
57. Thomas B. Richards, Jane S. Henley, Mary C. Puckett, Hannah K. Weir, Bin Huang, Thomas C. Tucker, Claudia Allemani Lung cancer survival in the United States by race and stage (2001‐2009): Findings from the CONCORD‐2 study // ACS Journals Volume 123, 2017 Pages 5079-5099
58. Trama A., Boffi R., Contiero P., Buzzoni C., Pacifici R., Mangone L. AIRTUM Working Group. Trends in lung cancer and smoking behavior in Italy: an alarm bell for women. // Tumori. 2017 Nov 23;103(6):543-550.
59. Warren G.W., Cummings K.M. Tobacco and lung cancer: risks, trends, and outcomes in patients with cancer // Am SocClinOncolEduc Book. 2013:359-64.
60. Winkler V., Mangolo N.J., Becher H. Lung cancer in South Africa: a forecast to 2025 based on smoking prevalence data // BMJ Open. 2015 Mar 17;5(3):e006993.
61. Xue Qin Yu, Clare Kahn, QingweiLuo, Freddy Sitas, Dianne L.O’ConnellLung cancer prevalence in New South Wales (Australia): Analysis of past trends and projection of future estimates //Cancer Epidemiology Volume 39, Issue 4, August 2015, Pages 534-538.
62. Ya-Yuan Hsu, Chyi-Huey Bai, Chung-Ching Wang, Wei-Liang Chen, Wei-Te Wu, Ching-Huang Lai. Health Disparities of Employees in Taiwan with Major Cancer Diagnosis from 2004 to 2015: A Nationand Population-Based Analysis //Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019, Jun 4;16(11).
63. Yicheng Liang, Xiaoxi Fan, Yunpeng Bai, Dejian Huang, Chunlu Yang. Conditional survival analysis of four treatment strategies for patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer // Oncol Lett. 2019 Aug; 18(2): 1089–1098.
64. Yu Jie Zhong, Yi Feng Wen, Hai Ming Wong, Guosheng Yin, Ruitao Lin, and Shuan Ying Yang Trends and Patterns of Disparities in Burden of Lung Cancer in the United States, 1974-2015 // Front Oncol. 2019; page 9.
65. Zahra T. Ghamari Prevalence of lung cancer in Isfahan Province, Iran // Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute. Volume 30, Issue 2, June 2018, Pages 57-59.
66. Zhong Y.J., Wen Y.F., Wong H.M., Yin G., Lin R., Yang S.Y. Trends and Patterns of Disparities in Burden of Lung Cancer in the United States, 1974-2015 // Front Oncol. 2019 May 31;9:404.
67. Zoe Wainer, Gavin M. Wright, Karla Gough, Marissa G.Daniels, Prudence A.Russell, Peter Choong, Matthew Conron, David Ball, Benjamin Solomon. Sex-Dependent Staging in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer; Analysis of the Effect of Sex Differences in the Eighth Edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastases Staging System // Clinical Lung Cancer Volume 19, Issue 6, November 2018, P. e933-e944.
References:
1. Nemchenko A.S., FursaL.I. Issledovanie sotsial'no-epidemiologicheskikh pokazatelei zlokachestvennymi novoobrazovaniyami trakhei, bronkhov I legkikh v Ukraine [Study of socio-epidemiological indicators of malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung in Ukraine]. Upravlenie, ekonomіka I obespecheniye kachestva farmatsіi [Management, Economics and Quality Assurance in Pharmacy]. 2014, №4 (36), pp. 47-52 [in Russian].
2. Nurgazıev K.N., Jylkaidarova A.J., Nurgalıev N.S., Nersesov A.V., Ahmetzhanov O.T., Ishkinin E.I. Profılaktıka naibolee rasprostranennykh zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii Natsionalnogo tsentra problem formirovaniya zdorovogo obraza zhizni [Prevention of the most common malignancies. Methodological recommendations of the National center for the formation of a healthy lifestyle]. Almaty, 2014, pp. 8-9. [in Russian].
3. Statisticheskii sbornik "Zdorov'e naseleniya Respubliki Kazakhstan I deyatel'nost' organizatsii zdravookhraneniya v 2018g". [Statistical digest "Health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the activities of the healthcare organization in 2018"]. Globus Publishing House, Almaty, 2018. P.288-291. [in Russian].
Number of Views: 262
Category of articles:
Reviews
Bibliography link
Mukhambetzhan A.Zh., Urazayeva S.T., Urazayev O.N., Tussupkaliyeva K.Sh., Begalin T.B., Amanshiyeva A.A., Tashimova Zh.K., Kumar G.B., Nurmukhamedova Sh.M. Current understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for lung cancer. Literature review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2020, (Vol.22) 2, pp. 27-37. doi:10.34689/SH.2020.22.2.003Related publications:
INTERRELATION OF INTRAABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION AND MARKERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION
DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY AND GENDER DIFFERENCES
QUALITY OF LIFE IN PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS AND ITS ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC LAPAROSCOPY FOR ABDOMINAL INJURIES. REVIEW
METHODS FOR SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN NUTRITIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT: FOCUS ON ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS. A REVIEW.