COVID 19 – NEW INFECTION OF XXI CENTURY
Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a polymorphic group of respiratory viruses causing acute inflammatory diseases in domestic and agricultural animals (chicken, pig, buffalo, cat and dog). Until recently, this infection in humans was mainly observed during the autumn- winter period and characterized by mild course. The situation changed dramatically in 2003, when SARS outbreak caused by pathogenic CoV (SARS-CoV) was recorded in China. A decade later, a new CoV outbreak occurred in the form of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV).
The emergency in December 2019 of diseases caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has already gone down in history as an emergency of international importance, which transformed in the first months of 2020 into the pandemic. The novel coronavirus is new not only viewed from its molecular biological features perspective but also from the perspective of possible difficulties of diagnosis and treatment, clinical features, high risk of development of critical conditions and complications, high mortality rate. SARS-CoV-2 disease led to the severe bronchopulmonary lesions, varying from dry, debilitating cough to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
In this report we tried to the highlight the experience gained in the study of novel coronavirus nature, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment, give information from literature sources.
Julia G. Popovich¹, Raya Zh. Rakhimova², Dinara O. Akhmetzhanova¹
1 NPJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 LP “Vita 1”, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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34. Kuhn J.H., Li W., Choe H., Farzan M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a functional receptor for SARS coronavirus // Cell Mol.Life Sci. 2004. vol. 61. Р. 2738–2743.
35. Lee P.I., Hu YL., Chen P.Y., Huang Y.-C., Hsueh P.-R. Are children less susceptible to COVID-19? // J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020. №1. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32147409/. (дата обращения 25.05.20).
36. Liu W., Zhang Q., Chen J., Xiang R., Song H., Shu S., Chen L., Liang L., et al. Detection of COVID-19 in Children in Early January 2020 in Wuhan, China // N Engl J Med. 2020. №1. URL: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2003717.
37. Lu X., Zhang L., Du H., Zhang J., Li Y.Y., Qu J., Zhang W., Wang Y. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children // N Engl J Med. 2020.v. 382. P. 1663 – 1665.
38. Ludvigsson J.F. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children show milder cases and a better prognosis than adults // Acta Paediatr. 2020. v.109. P. 1088 – 1095.
39. Pan L., Mu M., Yang P., Sun Y., Wang R., Yan J., Li P., Hu B., et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study // The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2020. v.115. P.766 – 773.
40. Ramzy А., McNeil D.G. W.H.O. Declares Global Emergency as Wuhan Coronavirus Spreads // The New York Times. 2020. January 30. URL: https://nyti.ms/2RER70M.
41. Shi C.-S., Qi H.-Y., Boularan C., Huang N.-N., Abu-Asab M., Shelhamer J.H., Kehrl J.H. SARS-CoV ORF9b suppresses innate immunity by targeting mitochondria and the МAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 signalosome // J. Immunol. 2014. vol. 193. Р. 3080-3089.
42. Wan Y., Shang J., Graham R., Baric R.S., Li F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS // J. Virology. 2020.v.94. URL: https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00127-20.( дата обращения 25.05.20).
43. Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., Zhu F., Liu X., Zhang J. et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China // JAMA. 2020. vol. 323. P. 1061 – 1069.
44. Wei M., Yuan J., Liu Y., Fu T., Yu X., Zhang Z.J. Novel Coronavirus Infection in Нospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China // JAMA.2020. vol.323. P. 1313-1314.
45. Wu C., Chen X., Cai Y., Xia J., Zhou X., Xu S, Huang H., Zhang L., et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China // JAMA Intern. Med. 2020. №1. URL: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 05/28/2020. (дата обращения 27.05.20).
46. Xia W, Shao J., Guo Y., Peng X., Li Z., Hu D. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults // Pediatr. Pulmonol.2020.vol.55. P. 1169-1174.
47. Zhang L., Lin D., Sun X., Curth U., Drosten C., Sauerhering L., Becker S., Rox K., Hilgenfeld R. Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved α-ketoamide inhibitors // Science. 2020. vol. 368. P.409 – 412.
48. Zhang Y.P. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China // Chin J Epidemiol. 2020. vol. 41. P. 145-151.
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37. Lu X., Zhang L., Du H., Zhang J., Li Y.Y., Qu J., Zhang W., Wang Y. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. N Engl J Med. 2020.v. 382. P. 1663 – 1665.
38. Ludvigsson J.F. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children show milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr. 2020. v.109. P. 1088 – 1095.
39. Pan L., Mu M., Yang P., Sun Y., Wang R., Yan J., Li P., Hu B., et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2020. v.115. P.766 – 773.
40. Ramzy А., McNeil D.G. W.H.O. Declares Global Emergency as Wuhan Coronavirus Spreads. The New York Times. 2020. January 30. URL: https://nyti.ms/2RER70M.
41. Shi C.-S., Qi H.-Y., Boularan C., Huang N.-N., Abu-Asab M., Shelhamer J.H., Kehrl J.H. SARS-CoV ORF9b suppresses innate immunity by targeting mitochondria and the МAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 signalosome. J. Immunol. 2014. vol. 193. Р. 3080-3089.
42. Wan Y., Shang J., Graham R., Baric R.S., Li F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS. J. Virology. 2020. v.94. URL: https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00127-20. (дата обращения 25.05.20).
43. Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., Zhu F., Liu X., Zhang J. et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020. vol. 323. P. 1061 – 1069.
44. Wei M., Yuan J., Liu Y., Fu T., Yu X., Zhang Z.J. Novel Coronavirus Infection in Нospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China. JAMA. 2020. vol.323. P. 1313-1314.
45. Wu C., Chen X., Cai Y., Xia J., Zhou X., Xu S, Huang H., Zhang L., et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern. Med. 2020. №1. URL: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 05/28/2020. (дата обращения 27.05.20).
46. Xia W., Shao J., Guo Y., Peng X., Li Z., Hu D. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2020.vol.55. P. 1169-1174.
47. Zhang L., Lin D., Sun X., Curth U., Drosten C., Sauerhering L., Becker S., Rox K., Hilgenfeld R. Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved α-ketoamide inhibitors. Science. 2020. vol. 368. P.409 – 412.
48. Zhang Y.P. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Chin J E
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Bibliography link
Popovich J.G., Pakhimova R. Zh., Akhmetzhanova Д.О. COVID 19 – new infection of XXI century // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2020, (Vol.22) 4, pp. 15-23. doi 10.34689/SH.2020.22.4.002Related publications:
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