ACTUAL ISSUES OF MEDICAL SUPPORT FOR ATHLETES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Introduction: Elite sport is a model of the athletes activity, where the athletes during their professional life, are exposed to high physical and psychological stress. The athletes medical support faces unique challenges, often in unusual conditions. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have not spared athletes either. Ensuring the physical and mental health of athletes is key. The role of a sports physician is not only to provide medical support, but also to provide a kind of guardianship, training and leadership in promoting and protecting the philosophy of a healthy mind in a healthy body in all athletes.
Objective: to analyze the literature data on the organization of medical support for athletes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Search strategy: We searched for scientific papers and information sources in the search engines Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, e-Library.ru, CyberLeninka. Inclusion criteria: sources not earlier than 2015 were used, but due to insufficient coverage of the problem and for a complete description of the situation, data from 2010, 2011, 2013 were also analyzed, including original articles, literature reviews, meta-analyzes, regulations; publications with full text and in open access in English and Russian languages. The exclusion criteria were: articles published earlier than 2010; materials that do not have an evidence base that did not reflect the main significance, with unclear and ambiguous conclusions, repeated publications, conference proceedings and clinical cases. As a result of the search, we identified only 107 foreign and domestic publications, of which 61 publications were included in this review.
Results: Analysis of the literature sources has shown that over the past ten years, there have been dramatic changes in many areas closely related to elite sports, requiring an appropriate update of the methods of medical support for athletes.
Conclusion: The role of a sports physician is important at all stages of athlete’s training, and sometimes decisive. The organization of medical support in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is an urgent problem that requires further study.
Venera A. Abdulla1, Natalya Ye. Glushkova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-8436,
Kulman S. Nyssanbaeva1, Maira K. Bakasheva2,
Zhanar M. Andassova3, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5252-4733,
Galiya B. Zhumabaeva4, Amina M. Khismetova5, Tatiana I. Terekhova5
1 Kazakhstan Medical University "Higher School of Public Health", Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 RSE "National Anti-Doping Center" of the Committee for Sports and Physical Culture of the Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
3 RSE "Republican Educational-Methodological and Analytical Center for Physical Culture and Sports", Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
4 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
5 NCJSC «Semey Medical University», Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
1. Бадтиева А.С., Шарыкин И.Е. Спортивная медицина и спортивное сообщество в условиях эпидемии коронавируса. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sportivnaya-meditsina-i-sportivnoe-soobschestvo-v-usloviyah-epidemii-koronavirusa/viewer (дата обращения: 14.07.2021).
2. Влияние новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 на психическое здоровье человека (Обзор литературы). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42964775 (дата обращения: 18.04.2021).
3. Клинический протокол диагностики и лечения коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 Одобрен Объединенной комиссией по качеству медицинских услуг Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан от «15» июля 2020 года Протокол №106 // Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 2019. № 9 (53). C. 1689–1699.
4. Кодекс Республики Казахстан от 7 июля 2020 года № 360-VI «О здоровье народа и системе здраво-охранения», URL:https://online.zakon.kz/document/? (дата обращения: 15.04.2021).
5. Коронавирус и спорт: проблема отмены крупнейших международных спортивных соревнований. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/koronavirus-i-sport-problema-otmeny-krupneyshih-mezhdunarodnyh-sportivnyh-sorevnovaniy/viewer (дата обращения: 18.04.2021).
6. Об утверждении Правил медицинского обследования спортсменов для участия в спортивных соревнованиях - ИПС «Әділет». URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V1400010009 (дата обращения: 14.07.2021).
7. Павлов В.И., Орджоникидзе З.Г., Бадтиева В.А. Спорт и коронавирусная инфекция URL: https://mosgorzdrav.ru/ru-RU/science/default/download/760.html.
8. Спортивная медицина на службе спорта высших достижений — Кто есть Кто в медицине. URL: http://ktovmedicine.ru/2013/5/sportivnaya-medicina-na-sluzhbe-sporta-vysshih-dostizheniy.html (дата обращения: 10.04.2021).
9. Amil B. et al. WHO Virtual press conference on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020 // Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 2020. № 1 (21). C. 1–9.
10. Ammar A. et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey // Nutrients. 2020. (12).
11. Banerjee D. The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play // Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020. Т. 50. C. 102014.
12. Chang C. et al. Mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: detection, management, effect on performance and prevention: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement-Executive Summary // Br J Sports Med. 2020. (54). C. 216–220.
13. Cooper J.A., Alderman D.H. Cancelling March Madness exposes opportunities for a more sustainable sports tourism economy // Tourism Geographies. 2020. № 3 (22). C. 525–535.
14. Corsini A. et al. Football cannot restart soon during the COVID-19 emergency! A critical perspective from the Italian experience and a call for action // British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. Т. 54. № 20.
15. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (дата обращения: 22.04.2021).
16. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice. URL: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000201 (дата обращения: 18.04.2021).
17. Coronavirus and sport – a list of the major cancellations | Sport | The Guardian. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/coronavirus-and-sport-a-list-of-the-major-cancellations (дата обращения: 21.04.2021).
18. Dey S.K. et al. Analyzing the epidemiological outbreak of COVID-19: A visual exploratory data analysis approach // Journal of Medical Virology. 2020. № 6 (92). C. 632–638.
19. COVID 19 Resources - The Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.fsem.ac.uk/covid-19-resources/ (дата обращения: 18.04.2021).
20. COVID-19: Healthy Adjustment and Transition Psycho-Social Considerations of Phased Return. URL: https://www.eis2win.co.uk/app/uploads/2020/06/CV19-Psycho-Social-Considerations-of-Phased-Return.pdf (дата обращения: 14.07.2021).
21. COVID-19: Athlete Questions & Answers from WADA 23 March 2020. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/covid-19_qaforathletes_en_0.pdf (дата обращения: 13.07.2021).
22. Elite sport Stage One - return to training - GOV.UK. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-guidance-on-phased-return-of-sport-and-recreation/elite-sport-return-to-training-guidance-step-one--2 (дата обращения: 15.04.2021).
23. Exercise and the medical tradition from Hippocrates... - Академия Google. URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=.+Exercise+and+the+medical+tradition+from+Hippocrates+through+Antebellum+America%3A+a+review+essay.+In%3A+Berryman+J%2C+Park+R%2C+eds.+Sport+and+Exercise+Science%3A+Essays+in+the+History+of+Sports+Medicine.+Chicago%2C+ (дата обращения: 15.04.2021).
24. How the coronavirus is affecting sports leagues and events - Los Angeles Times. URL: https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-03-09/coronavirus-latest-news-sports-world (дата обращения: 22.04.2021).
25. Huang C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China // The Lancet. 2020. № 10223 (395). C. 497–506.
26. Hull J.H., Loosemore M., Schwellnus M. Respiratory health in athletes: facing the COVID-19 challenge // The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020. № 6 (8). C. 557–558.
27. Inciardi R. M. et al. Cardiac Involvement in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) // JAMA Cardiology. 2020. № 7 (5). C. 819–824.
28. Information for Healthcare Professionals about Coronavirus (COVID-19) | CDC. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html (дата обращения: 18.04.2021).
29. International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions 2021. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/international_standard_istue_-_2021.pdf (дата обращения: 13.07.2021).
30. Jakovljevic M. et al. COVID-19 Pandemia and public and global mental health from the perspective of global health security // Psychiatria Danubina. 2020. № 1 (32). C. 6–14.
31. Kim I.C. et al. COVID-19-related myocarditis in a 21-year-old female patient // European Heart Journal. 2020. № 19 (41). C. 1859–1859.
32. Madjid M. et al. Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review // JAMA Cardiology. 2020. Т. 5. № 7. C. 831–840.
33. Mann R.H. et al. Athletes as community; Athletes in community: Covid-19, sporting mega-events and athlete health protection // British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. Т. 54. № 18. C. 1071–1072.
34. Maron B.J. et al. Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes with Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 3: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Other Cardiomyopathies, and Myocarditis: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology // Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2015. № 21 (66). C. 2362–2371.
35. Maughan R.J. et al. IOC consensus statement: Dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete // British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018. Т. 52. № 7. C. 439–455.
36. Meeting the psychological needs of people recovering from severe coronavirus (Covid-19). URL: https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/www.bps.org.uk/files/Policy/Policy - Files/Meeting the psychological needs of people recovering from severe coronavirus.pdf (дата обращения: 14.07.2021).
37. Mont L. et al. Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation for athletic participants to prevent sudden death: Position paper from the EHRA and the EACPR, branches of the ESC. Endorsed by APHRS, HRS, and SOLAECE // European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2017. № 1 (24). C. 41–69.
38. MGupta A. et al. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 // Nature Medicine. 2020. № 7 (26). C. 1017–1032.
39. Mujika I., Padilla S. Detraining: Loss of training induced physiological and performance adaptation. Part I. Short term insufficient training stimulus // Sports Medicine. 2000. № 2 (30). C. 79–87.
40. Nieß A. M. Position stand: Return to sport in the current coronavirus pandemic (sars-cov-2 / covid-19) // Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Sportmedizin. 2020. Т. 71. № 5. C. E1–E4.
41. Olympic Games postponed for the first time in history? | UNICEF Montenegro. URL: https://www.unicef.org/montenegro/en/stories/olympic-games-postponed-first-time-history (дата обращения: 22.04.2021).
42. Pelliccia A. et al. Recommendations for participation in competitive and leisure time sport in athletes with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and pericarditis: Position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) // European Heart Journal. 2019. № 1 (40). C. 19–33
43. Pillay L. et al. Nowhere to hide: The significant impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures on elite and semi-elite South African athletes // Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2020. № 7 (23). C. 670–679.
44. Position Statement – Panamerican Confederation of Sports Medicine (COPAMED). URL: https://www.fims.org/files/4415/8506/1704/COPAMEDE_COVID-19_01_EnglishVersion_Final.pdf (дата обращения: 14.07.2021).
45. Promed Post - ProMED-mail [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=6864153 #COVID19 (дата обращения: 22.04.2021).
46. Revalidation - GMC. URL: https://www.gmc-uk.org/registration-and-licensing/managing-your-registration/revalidation (дата обращения: 15.05.2021).
47. Rice S.M. et al. The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review // Sports Medicine. 2016. (46). C. 1333–1353.
48. Rice S.M. et al. Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Br J Sports Med. 2019. (53). C. 722–730.
49. Sarto F. et al. Impact of Potential Physiological Changes due to COVID-19 Home Confinement on Athlete Health Protection in Elite Sports: a Call for Awareness in Sports Programming // Sports Medicine. 2020. Т. 50. № 8. C. 1417–1419.
50. Speed C. High-performance sports medicine // Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 2013. № 1 (13). C. 47–49.
51. Speed C., Jaques R. High-performance sports medicine: An ancient but evolving field // British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011. Т. 45. № 2. C. 81–83.
52. Ting J.H., Wallis D.H. Medical Management of the Athlete: Evaluation and Treatment of Important Issues in Sports Medicine // Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery. 2007. Т. 24. № 2. C. 127–158.
53. WADA clarifies position on COVID-19 vaccines | World Anti-Doping Agency. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2020-12/wada-clarifies-position-on-covid-19-vaccines (дата обращения: 19.05.2021).
54. WADA monitors integrity of anti-doping testing worldwide in light of the Covid-19 virus | World Anti-Doping Agency. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2020-03/wada-monitors-integrity-of-anti-doping-testing-worldwide-in-light-of-the-covid-19 (дата обращения: 19.05.2021).
55. WHO/Europe | Health emergencies - Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). URL: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov_old (дата обращения: 18.05.2021).
56. Wilson M.G. et al. Cardiorespiratory considerations for return-to-play in elite athletes after COVID-19 infection: A practical guide for sport and exercise medicine physicians // British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. Т. 54. № 19. C. 1157–1161.
57. Wolanin A., Gross M., Hong E. Depression in Athletes // Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2015. № 1 (14). C. 56–60.
58. World Anti-Doping Code. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2021_wada_code.pdf (дата обращения: 14.07.2021).
59. Zelenkova I.E., Ilyin D.S., Badtieva V.A. Return to training after coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) infection // Sports medicine: research and practice. 2020. № 3 (10). C. 60–66.
60. Zhou F. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study // The Lancet. 2020. № 10229 (395). C. 1054–1062.
61. Zhu J. et al. Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis // Journal of Medical Virology. 2020. № 10 (92). C. 1902–1914.
References:
1. Badtieva A.S. Sharykin I.E. Sportivnaya meditsina i sportivnoe soobshchestvo v usloviyakh epidemii koronavirusa [Sport medicine and sports community under the conditions of the coronavirus epidemic]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sportivnaya-meditsina-i-sportivnoe-soobschestvo-v-usloviyah-epidemii-koronavirusa/viewer (accessed: 14.07.2021). [in Russian]
2. Vliyanie novoy koronavirusnoy infektsii COVID-19 na psikhicheskoe zdorov'e cheloveka (Obzor literatury) [Impact of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 on human mental health (Literature review)]. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42964775 (accessed: 18.04.2021). [in Russian]
3. Klinicheskiy protokol diagnostiki i lecheniya koronavirusnoy infektsii COVID-19 Odobren Ob"edinennoy komissiey po kachestvu meditsinskikh uslug Ministerstva zdravookhraneniya Respubliki Kazakhstan ot «15»iyulya 2020 goda Protokol №106 Clinical protocol for diagnostics and treatment of coronavirus infection COVID-19 Approved by the Joint Commission on the Quality of Medical Services of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 15, 2020 Protocol No. 106. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 2019. № 9 (53). C. 1689–1699. [in Russian]
4. Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 7 iyulya 2020 goda № 360-VI «O zdorov'e naroda i sisteme zdravookhraneniya», [The Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 7, 2020 No. 360-VI "On people's health and the health care system", the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 7, 2020 No. 360-VI (accessed: 15.04.2021). [in Russian]
5. Koronavirus i sport: problema otmeny krupneyshikh mezhdunarodnykh sportivnykh sorevnovaniy [Coronavirus and sports: the problem of canceling major international sports competitions]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/koronavirus-i-sport-problema-otmeny-krupneyshih-mezhdunarodnyh-sportivnyh-sorevnovaniy/viewer (accessed: 18.04.2021). [in Russian]
6. Ob utverzhdenii Pravil meditsinskogo obsledovaniya sportsmenov dlya uchastiya v sportivnykh sorevnovaniyakh - IPS «Әdіlet» [On approval of the Rules for medical examination of athletes for participation in sports competitions - IPS "Adilet"]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V1400010009 (accessed: 14.07.2021). [in Russian]
7. Pavlov V.I., Ordzhonikidze Z.G., Badtieva V.A P. I. V. Sport i koronavirusnaya infektsiya. Sports and Сoronavirus infection URL: https://mosgorzdrav.ru/ru-RU/science/default/download/760.html. [in Russian]
8. Sportivnaya meditsina na sluzhbe sporta vysshikh dostizheniy — Kto est' Kto v meditsine [Sports medicine at the service of elite sports - Who is Who in medicine]. URL: http://ktovmedicine.ru/2013/5/sportivnaya-medicina-na-sluzhbe-sporta-vysshih-dostizheniy.html (accessed: 10.04.2021). [in Russian]
9. Amil B. et al. WHO Virtual press conference on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 2020. № 1 (21). C. 1–9.
10. Ammar A et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020. (12).
11. Banerjee D. The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020. Т. 50. C. 102014.
12. Chang C. et al. Mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: detection, management, effect on performance and prevention: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement-Executive Summary. Br J Sports Med. 2020. (54). C. 216–220.
13. Cooper J.A., Alderman D.H. Cancelling March Madness exposes opportunities for a more sustainable sports tourism economy // Tourism Geographies. 2020. № 3 (22). C. 525–535.
14. Corsini A. et al. Football cannot restart soon during the COVID-19 emergency! A critical perspective from the Italian experience and a call for action. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. Т. 54. № 20.
15. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (accessed: 22.04.2021).
16. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. BMJ Best Practice. URL: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000201 (accessed: 18.04.2021).
17. Coronavirus and sport – a list of the major cancellations | Sport | The Guardian. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/coronavirus-and-sport-a-list-of-the-major-cancellations (accessed: 21.04.2021).
18. Dey S.K. et al. Analyzing the epidemiological outbreak of COVID-19: A visual exploratory data analysis approach. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020. № 6 (92). C. 632–638.
19. COVID 19 Resources - The Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine URL: https://www.fsem.ac.uk/covid-19-resources/ (accessed: 18.04.2021).
20. COVID-19: Healthy Adjustment and Transition Psycho-Social Considerations of Phased Return. URL: https://www.eis2win.co.uk/app/uploads/2020/06/CV19-Psycho-Social-Considerations-of-Phased-Return.pdf (accessed: 14.07.2021).
21. COVID-19: Athlete Questions & Answers from WADA 23 March 2020 URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/covid-19_qaforathletes_en_0.pdf (accessed: 13.07.2021).
22. Elite sport Stage One - return to training - GOV.UK. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-guidance-on-phased-return-of-sport-and-recreation/elite-sport-return-to-training-guidance-step-one--2 (accessed: 15.04.2021).
23. Exercise and the medical tradition from Hippocrates... - Академия Google. URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=.+Exercise+and+the+medical+tradition+from+Hippocrates+through+Antebellum+America%3A+a+review+essay.+In%3A+Berryman+J%2C+Park+R%2C+eds.+Sport+and+Exercise+Science%3A+Essays+in+the+History+of+Sports+Medicine.+Chicago%2C+ (accessed: 15.04.2021).
24. How the coronavirus is affecting sports leagues and events - Los Angeles Times. URL: https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-03-09/coronavirus-latest-news-sports-world (accessed: 22.04.2021).
25. Huang C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020. № 10223 (395). C. 497–506.
26. Hull J.H., Loosemore M., Schwellnus M. Respiratory health in athletes: facing the COVID-19 challenge. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020. № 6 (8). C. 557–558.
27. Inciardi R.M. et al. Cardiac Involvement in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiology. 2020. № 7 (5). C. 819–824.
28. Information for Healthcare Professionals about Coronavirus (COVID-19) | CDC. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html (accessed: 18.04.2021).
29. International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions 2021. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/international_standard_istue_-_2021.pdf (accessed: 13.07.2021).
30. Jakovljevic M. et al. COVID-19 pandemia and public and global mental health from the perspective of global health security. Psychiatria Danubina. 2020. № 1 (32). C. 6–14.
31. Kim I.C. et al. COVID-19-related myocarditis in a 21-year-old female patient. European Heart Journal. 2020. № 19 (41). C. 1859–1859.
32. Madjid M. et al. Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review. JAMA Cardiology. 2020. Т. 5. № 7. C. 831–840.
33. Mann R.H. et al. Athletes as community; Athletes in community: Covid-19, sporting mega-events and athlete health protection // British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. Т. 54. № 18. C. 1071–1072.
34. Maron B.J. et al. Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes with Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 3: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Other Cardiomyopathies, and Myocarditis: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2015. № 21 (66). C. 2362–2371.
35. Maughan R.J. et al. IOC consensus statement: Dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018. Т. 52. № 7. C. 439–455.
36. Meeting the psychological needs of people recovering from severe coronavirus (Covid-19). URL: https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/www.bps.org.uk/files/Policy/Policy - Files/Meeting the psychological needs of people recovering from severe coronavirus.pdf (accessed: 14.07.2021).
37. Mont L. et al. Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation for athletic participants to prevent sudden death: Position paper from the EHRA and the EACPR, branches of the ESC. Endorsed by APHRS, HRS, and SOLAECE. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2017. № 1 (24). C. 41–69.
38. MGupta A. et al. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nature Medicine. 2020. № 7 (26). C. 1017–1032.
39. Mujika I., Padilla S. Detraining: Loss of training induced physiological and performance adaptation. Part I. Short term insufficient training stimulus. Sports Medicine. 2000. № 2 (30). C. 79–87.
40. Nieß A. M. Position stand: Return to sport in the current coronavirus pandemic (sars-cov-2 / covid-19). Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Sportmedizin. 2020. Т. 71. № 5. C. E1–E4.
41. Olympic Games postponed for the first time in history? | UNICEF Montenegro. URL: https://www.unicef.org/montenegro/en/stories/olympic-games-postponed-first-time-history (accessed: 22.04.2021).
42. Pelliccia A. et al. Recommendations for participation in competitive and leisure time sport in athletes with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and pericarditis: Position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). European Heart Journal. 2019. № 1 (40). C. 19–33
43. Pillay L. et al. Nowhere to hide: The significant impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures on elite and semi-elite South African athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2020. № 7 (23). C. 670–679.
44. Position Statement – Panamerican Confederation of Sports Medicine (Copamed). URL: https://www.fims.org/files/4415/8506/1704/COPAMEDE_COVID-19_01_EnglishVersion_Final.pdf (accessed: 14.07.2021).
45. Promed Post - ProMED-mail. URL: https://promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=6864153 #COVID19 (accessed: 22.04.2021).
46. Revalidation - GMC. URL: https://www.gmc-uk.org/registration-and-licensing/managing-your-registration/revalidation (accessed: 15.05.2021).
47. Rice S.M. et al. The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review. Sports Medicine. 2016. (46). C. 1333–1353.
48. Rice S. M. et al. Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2019. (53). C. 722–730.
49. Sarto F. et al. Impact of Potential Physiological Changes due to COVID-19 Home Confinement on Athlete Health Protection in Elite Sports: a Call for Awareness in Sports Programming. Sports Medicine. 2020. Т. 50. № 8. C. 1417–1419.
50. Speed C. High-performance sports medicine. Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 2013. № 1 (13). C. 47–49.
51. Speed C., Jaques R. High-performance sports medicine: An ancient but evolving field. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011. Т. 45. № 2. C. 81–83.
52. Ting J. H., Wallis D. H. Medical Management of the Athlete: Evaluation and Treatment of Important Issues in Sports Medicine. Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery. 2007. Т. 24. № 2. C. 127–158.
53. WADA clarifies position on COVID-19 vaccines | World Anti-Doping Agency. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2020-12/wada-clarifies-position-on-covid-19-vaccines (accessed: 19.05.2021).
54. WADA monitors integrity of anti-doping testing worldwide in light of the Covid-19 virus | World Anti-Doping Agency. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2020-03/wada-monitors-integrity-of-anti-doping-testing-worldwide-in-light-of-the-covid-19 (accessed: 19.05.2021).
55. WHO/Europe | Health emergencies - Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov_old (accessed: 18.05.2021).
56. Wilson M. G. et al. Cardiorespiratory considerations for return-to-play in elite athletes after COVID-19 infection: A practical guide for sport and exercise medicine physicians. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. Т. 54. № 19. C. 1157–1161.
57. Wolanin A., Gross M., Hong E. Depression in Athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2015. № 1 (14). C. 56–60.
58. World Anti-Doping Code. URL: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2021_wada_code.pdf (accessed: 14.07.2021).
59. Zelenkova I.E., Ilyin D.S., Badtieva V.A. Return to training after coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) infection. Sports medicine: research and practice. 2020. № 3 (10). C. 60–66.
60. Zhou F. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2020. №10229 (395). C. 1054–1062.
61. Zhu J. et al. Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020. № 10 (92). C. 1902–1914.
Number of Views: 161
Category of articles:
COVID-19 - Topical Subject
Bibliography link
Abdulla V.A., Glushkova N.Ye., Nyssanbaeva K.S., Bakasheva M.K., Andassova Zh.M., Zhumabaeva G.B., Khismetova A.M., Terekhova T.I. Actual issues of medical support for athletes during COVID-19 pandemic // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2021, (Vol.23) 4, pp. 16-30. doi 10.34689/SH.2021.23.4.002Related publications:
IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CHILDREN WITH MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SARS-COV-2
EFFICACY OF THE ANTIVIRAL DRUG ENISAMY IODIDE IN SEVERE ADULT ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN THE COVID-19 ERA
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COMBATING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS. REVIEW
CONSEQUENCES OF THE CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: THE POST-COVID SYNDROME AND MENTAL MANIFESTATIONS. LITERATURE REVIEW
FEATURES OF THE SICKNESS BEHAVIOR OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS. REVIEW