EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BREAST CANCER. LITERATURE REVIEW.
Relevance. Breast cancer in young women is rare, affecting only 4-6% of women under the age of 40. Despite this, breast cancer remains the most common malignant tumor among young patients. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the frequency of this disease among premenopausal individuals. Breast cancer in young women requires special attention due to its specific morphological and prognostic characteristics and unique aspects, including fertility preservation and psychosocial problems (for example, its impact on family life and career). In young women, tumors with a higher frequency of negative clinical and pathological signs are more common (higher histological assessment, greater positivity of lymph nodes, lower positivity of estrogen receptors, higher rates of overexpression. In addition, they are usually diagnosed at later stages of the disease. This, in turn, indicates a less favorable prognosis compared to older women. Young women, as a rule, are treated in the same way as older patients. Surgical treatment includes mastectomy or breast preservation surgery followed by radiation therapy (in young women, the frequency of local relapses is higher than in older women, especially after breast preservation therapy). Although the basics of chemotherapy are the same for patients of all ages. It is important to consider options for maintaining fertility before starting systemic treatment. Patients should have access to genetic testing, as its results may affect the choice of therapy. Young women and their families should receive adequate psychological support and counseling.
Aim. To analyze the literature data on the epidemiology of breast cancer.
Search strategy. The study examined full-text publications in English and Russian, which are devoted to the epidemiological aspects of breast cancer. In the process of literature search, the following search engines were used: Pubmed, Web of science, Cyberleninka, Google Scholar by keywords. The time period was designated 2011-2021. The criteria for including publications in the review were as follows: publications in Russian and English that are in open full-text access and contain statistically confirmed conclusions. Summary reports, newspaper articles and personal messages were excluded from the review. 1516 publications have been identified on this topic. Of these, 39 publications corresponded to the purpose of our study.
Results and conclusions.The analysis of morbidity and mortality rates from breast cancer over the past 10 years clearly indicates that the process of neo-oncogenesis in the world continues and tends to intensify. At the same time, the situation in the regions for breast cancer is seriously deteriorating, and this requires the oncological service to concentrate its efforts on finding ways to detect breast cancer early, diagnose it in a timely manner, and develop new more effective methods of prevention and treatment of this disease.
Yerzat N. Aimukhambetov1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-470X
Zaituna A. Khismetova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-3045
Umutzhan S. Samarova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-7115
Maxut T. Senbekov2, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-1317
1 NCJSC «Semey Medical University», Semey city, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 Kazakhstan’s Medical University “Kazakhstan School of Public Health”,
Almaty c., Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Aimukhambetov Ye.N., Khismetova Z.A., Samarova U.S., Senbekov M.T. Epidemiological aspects of breast cancer. Literature review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2021, (Vol.23) 6, pp. 198-204. doi:10.34689/SH.2021.23.6.021Related publications:
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