RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INJURIES
Introduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides for several categories of causes of unintentional injuries: road injuries; poisoning; falls; exposure to fire, heat and hot substances; drowning; the impact of mechanical forces; natural disasters; other unintentional injuries. The average annual cost of road traffic crashes was equivalent to 1% of gross domestic product in developing countries, 1.5% in transition countries and 2% in highly motorized countries. Worldwide, the annual cost of road crashes is $518 billion and about $65 billion in low- and middle-income countries. Among domestic injuries, the most common are injuries as a result of falling elderly and senile people.
Purpose. To study the risk factors for the development of injuries in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the world by conducting an information search of foreign and domestic scientific publications.
Search strategy. Literature search for scientific publications was carried out in the MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar and e-library databases.The search depth was 20 years (from 2000 to 2021).
Research results. In gender ratios worldwide, on average, females were more exposed to burn injuries. Some studies have shown a close relationship between increased vehicle speed and an increased risk of injury in road crashes for both drivers and pedestrians, accounting for 50% of all crashes. Factors that increase the risk of road accidents include alcohol consumption by drivers, fatigue, use of cell phones while driving, poor visibility of traffic, chronic driver drowsiness, and overtime work. The adverse effects of alcohol increasing the risk of injury, including violence and traffic accidents, were the result of 3 million (5%) of all deaths per year. A number of studies have noted the influence of weather conditions on the occurrence of injuries, such that falls were more common on heavy rainy days, extreme environmental temperatures led to direct injuries from heat and cold, heat stroke during exercise was a known risk to occupational health.
Сonclusions. It can be concluded that behavior associated with non-compliance with one's own safety contributes to many health problems. The study of the nature of risk factors, the constant assessment of ongoing measures to prevent unintentional injuries, and the economic impact are topical issues today.
Roman Ni¹,⁷, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-2096
Altyn Aringazina², https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-2394
Aidos K. Bolatov3,4, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5390-4623
Ramazan A. Askerov1,5, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7984-2416
Natalya Е. Glushkova1,6, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-8436
Dariga S. Smailova7, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-7104
¹ Kazakhstan’s Medical University «Kazakhstan School of Public Health», Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 Caspian University, Caspian International School of Medicine, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
³ «University Medical Center» CF, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan;
⁴ NСJSC «Astana Medical University», Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan;
⁵ «City Clinical Hospital No. 7», Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
⁶ Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
7 Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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