ON THE ISSUE OF PATHOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC MECHANISMS OF THE TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS DEVELOPMENT AND ITS COMPLICATIONS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM DISORDERS. REVIEW.
Relevance. Diabetes mellitus (DM) with its severe consequences remains the most important global problem, taking into account the negative impact of the disease on society and the economy of all states. On the global scale the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) gives evidence that by the end of 2021 there were already 537 million adults suffering from this disease. The steady increase in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in childhood and adolescence causes anxiety. In this regard, the study of metabolic disorders in the early stages of development is relevant today.
Objective: review of the literature on the pathogenetic and genetic mechanisms of the formation of DM2 and its complications in the early stages of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
The search strategy. The search for scientific publications was carried out in databases of evidence-based medicine (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Medline), in electronic scientific resources (e-Library, CyberLeninka, medical websites of neighboring countries), which made it possible to identify about 145 literary sources, 91 of them have been included in this review, including 68 in English. The search depth was 16 years (2006 - 2022). This is due to the importance of the basic fundamental works of the early 21st century, which reveal the main issues of pathogenesis and the genetic basis for the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the early stages and in diabetes in representatives of various ethnic groups. This kind of research with a large coverage of ethnic groups has not been carried out in the hereinafter future.
Inclusion criteria: results of modern research carried out taking into account all the requirements of evidence-based medicine; data from fundamental basic research conducted on ethnically diverse groups; English and Russian publications.
Exclusion criteria: “case report”; sources earlier than 2006 that non-compliant the requirements of evidence-based medicine; theses.
Results: The review of the sources showed that understanding the pathogenetic and molecular-genetic mechanisms of type 2 DM development can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 DM and the development of associated complications, as well as allow to conduct screening and identification of risk groups for a subsequent personalized approach to managing this group.
Conclusions: The effective primary prevention of DM is a rational way to increase the life expectancy of patients, improve their life quality and reduce socio-economic costs. Because of increase of the metabolic disorders number among adolescents and adults with type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular pathology among people of young working age, studies on the assessment of risk factors and the development of personalized programs for their prevention are relevant.
Azhar A. Dyussupova1, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-4118
Natalia E. Glushkova2, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-8436
Tatiana M. Belyaeva1, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-2997
Oksana A. Yurkovskaya1, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-5574
Raida I. Faizova1, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-6826
Gulnar S. Svyatova4, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5092-3143
Galina M. Berezina4, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-4461
Bauyrzhan K. Omarkulov3, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-4452
Anastasia S. Dzharmukhametova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-3951
Venera T. Akhmetova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-2516
Ainagul M. Dosbayeva1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-480Х
1 NCJSC “Semey Medical University”, Department of General Medical Practice,
Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Health Research Institute, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
3 NCJSC “Karaganda Medical University”, Institute of Public Health and Occupational Health,
Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan;
4 JSC “Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology”, Republican Medical Genetic Consultation, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Dyussupova A.A., Glushkova N.E., Belyaeva T.M., Yurkovskaya O.A., Faizova R.I., Svyatova G.S., Berezina G.M., Omarkulov B.K., Dzharmukhametova A.S., Akhmetova V.T., Dosbayeva A.M. On the issue of pathogenetic and molecular-genetic mechanisms of the type 2 diabetes mellitus development and its complications in the early stages of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2023, (Vol.25) 2, pp. 183-196. DOI 10.34689/SH.2023.25.2.025Related publications:
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