GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO RADIATION-RELATED DISEASES: A REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE
This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on genetic determinants of radiosensitivity, emphasizing findings from candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and discuss their clinical implications.
Methods: We conducted a literature-based analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with radiation-related outcomes, focusing on genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, oxidative stress response, and tissue remodeling.
Results: Variants in genes such as XRCC1, XRCC3, TP53, TGFβ1, and SOD2 have been linked to increased radiosensitivity and risk of adverse outcomes following radiation exposure. GWAS have identified novel loci (TANC1, RAD51L1, KIF26B) associated with normal tissue toxicity and secondary malignancies. While promising, most findings require further validation in diverse populations and clinical settings.
Conclusion: Understanding genetic susceptibility to radiation is essential for advancing personalized radiotherapy and improving public health strategies. Future research should prioritize multi-locus models, functional validation, and the ethical integration of genetic data into clinical and occupational contexts.
Altay A. Dyussupov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chairman of the Board – Rector NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-1020;
Gulshara Zh. Abildinova – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Personalized Genomic Diagnostics, Hospital of the Medical Center of the Administration of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-9568;
Dariya M. Shabdarbayeva – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Vice-Rector for Science and Strategic Development, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-1935;
Meruyert R. Massabayeva – PhD, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-361X;
Lyudmila M. Pivina – MD, Professor, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-4866;
Andrey Yu. Orekhov – PhD, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-1399;
Alexandra V. Lipikhina – PhD, Deputy Director for Research, Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-999X;
Zhanargul K. Smailova – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector for Academic and Educational Work, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-4614;
Rauana M. Kisina – PhD student, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-4663;
Galiya A. Alibayeva – Deputy Director for Medical Affairs and Strategic Development, Emergency Medical Hospital of Semey, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-4663;
Orazalina Ainash Saparovna – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics named after Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan T.K. Raisov, NJSC «Semey Medical University», phone; +7-777-235-47-72; e-mail: ainash.orazalina@smu.edu.kz; https://orcid.org/0000- 0003-4594-0138; Semey, Kazakhstan;
Ayaulym M. Yesentayeva – NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan ORCID: –;
Vladlena R. Sabitova – NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-3618;
Assel Zh. Baibussinova – PhD, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-6245;
Askar B. Qasymov – Vice-Rector for Strategy and Social Development, NJSC "Shakarim University of Semey", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-6508;
Aleksei Klivenko – Head of the Scientific Center for Radioecological Research, NJSC "Shakarim University of Semey", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-686X;
Madina B. Abenova – PhD, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4219-5737;
Diana Ygyyeva – NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-8842;
Saulesh A. Apbasova – NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6981-5441;
Murat N. Lepesbayev – Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine, JSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9810-9232;
Nailya Zh. Shaizhunussova – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-7118.
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Dyussupov A.A., Abildinova G.Zh., Shabdarbayeva D.M., Massabayeva M.R., Pivina L.M., Orekhov A.Yu., Lipikhina A.V., Smailova Zh.K., Kisina R., Alibayeva G.A., Orazalina A.S., Yesentayeva A.M., Sabitova V.R., Baibussinova A.Zh., Qasymov A.B., Klivenko A., Abenova M.B., Ygyyeva D.G, Apbasova S.A., Lepesbayev M.N., Shaizhunussova N.Zh. Genetic susceptibility to radiation-related diseases: a review of current literature // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2025. Vol.27 (2), pp. 145-153. doi 10.34689/SH.2025.27.2.017Related publications:
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