Science & Healthcare

Background: prostate cancer holds second position out of all cancer morbidity among the world male population. At the same time, taking into account the female population, incidence of prostate cancer is on the fourth place, yielding its position to lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Prostate cancer is most common in the developed world, for which long life expectancy is characteristic, but it is less common in Asian countries, where it locates in the sixth place after cancers of other localizations: lung, stomach, liver, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer. Unfortunately, the available databases of scientific information contain very scare information about epidemiology of prostate cancer in the countries of Central Asia, which emphasizes the relevance of our study.

Aim: to assess the specific features of prostate cancer cases in patients followed by the Regional Oncology Hospital in Semey over the period of two years (2015-2016).

Materials and methods. The study had crossectional design. To achieve the goal, we conducted an analysis of official medical documentation, presented by 215 prostate cancer cases followed by the Regional Oncology Dispensary Semey city, East Kazakhstan Region for a period of 2 years (2015 to 2016). We revealed all reported cases of prostate cancer presented in the regional oncology hospital in the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. The age-sex, ethnic and morphological features of prostate cancer were studied. The statistical processing of the results was carried out using the statistical package SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 for Windows (the license of GMU Semey). Pearson’s chi-square was used when comparing two independent groups of nominal variables. Differences between groups were considered reliable if they had a 5% significance level (p <0.05)

Results: During the study period, 215 cases of prostate cancer were followed by the Regional Oncology Dispensary in Semey, of which 35 were fatal. The majority of patients (161 individuals – 74.9%) were in the age group of 60 to 79 years. By the ethnic origin, 47% (n = 101) were Kazakhs, 39% (n = 84) were Russians, while the rest were representatives of other national ethnic groups (14% – 30 patients). The majority of patients (46.5 – 100 individuals) were followed due to IIA stage of the disease, and 19.1% (n = 41) of patients were followed with IIB stage. Third cancer stage held the third position (34 patients – 15.8%).

Conclusions: Prostate cancer is a disease which is likely to become more important in the perspective of the next few years. This is facilitated both by the introduction of screening program and by the aging of country population with the adoption of habits and lifestyle typical of the population of the developed countries of the world. In this regard, it appears to be interesting to study the patterns of disease distribution in order to plan programs aimed at an early identification, timely treatment and rehabilitation.

Key words: prostate cancer, cancer stage, Semey region, cancer screening, PSA.