OBESITY, DIABETES MELLITUS AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION - GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOCIETY. REVIEW
Relevance: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) occupy a leading position in the causes of mortality in the world. The most common non-communicable diseases include cardiovascular diseases (CVD), oncological diseases, chronic lung diseases and diabetes mellitus. According to WHO [4], every year more than 15 million people die fr om NCDs between the ages of 30 and 69. Diabetes mellitus, obesity and arterial hypertension are currently commensurate with the epidemic proportion and are a global medical and social problem of modern society, which prevalence rate is rapidly progressing. According to WHO estimates, by 2025, one in five adults in the world will be obese. The epidemiology and frequency of many chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, depend on many factors, including the peculiarities of geographical and socio-economic living conditions [1,4]. According to WHO, arterial hypertension is one of the most common chronic nonspecific human diseases, which account for 30% of all deaths in general [54]. A wide range of overweight-associated diseases that carry a high risk of early disability and premature mortality determines the social significance of this pathology.
The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic search for scientific information about socially significant diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Search strategy: The review of scientific publications was carried out in the databases PubMed, ResearchGate, GoogleScholar. In total, 753 literary sources were found, wh ere 96 of such sousrces were selected for analysis. Inclusion criteria: full-text articles published in English and Russian, search depth since 1990. Exclusion criteria: duplication or repetition of information. Publications in the media, sources earlier than 1990.
Results: Obesity and hypertension are the most common chronic diseases among the population. In all countries, across adults and children, there is a progressive increase in obesity, in all age groups. Nowadays, more than 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from hypertension, with more than 150 million of them living in Central and Eastern Europe. In large-scale population studies, it was revealed that about 45% of sick people did not know that they had high blood pressure numbers before complications occurred. Diabetes mellitus is the significant risk factors for severe and complicated course of both infectious and non-communicable diseases.
Conclusion. According to present knowledge, there are no clear data on the state of the problem of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Therefore there are required more detailed study of this problem, which is a strategically important task of healthcare.
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Nurtazina A.U., Koshpesova G.K., Apsalikov B.A., Korostova E.V., Ainabekova B.A., Rib Ye.A., Nildibaeva F.U., Sheryazdanova D.N., Parakhina V.F., Kulimbet M.B., Fakhradiyev I.R., Baspakova A.М., Zhamaliyeva L.M., Saliev T. Obesity, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension - global problems of modern society. Review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2021, (Vol.23) 5, pp. 149-160. doi 10.34689/SH.2021.23.5.017Related publications:
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