ASSESSMENT OF PULMONARY DISEASES INCIDENCE IN ALMATY CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF AIR POLLUTION
Introduction: An increase in the incidence of respiratory organs diseases (ROD) in the population: chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma are associated with air pollution.
Purpose: identification of relationship between the level of air pollution in Almaty with suspended particles and incidence of respiratory diseases in the population for the period 2013-2017, including such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD.
Materials and methods: When epidemiological study was carried out, information on primary incidence of respiratory diseases in the Almaty city for 2013-2017 was used ICD 10 (J00-J99) of 3 age groups residents (children 0-14 years old, adolescents 15-17 years old, adults over 18 years old), and data on the concentration of suspended particles in the city atmosphere. The incidence rates were calculated per 100,000.0 of the population. A retrospective study was conducted using generally accepted statistical methods using Microsoft Excel. For all numerical data, standard deviation was calculated, level of statistical significance was determined using the Student t-test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. For establishment of the dependence of the incidence rate on the effects of suspended solids, a one-way regression analysis with the regression equation was used. For assessment of the correlation tightness/strength, the coefficient of determination of approximation on the Cheddock scale was used.
Results: Based on an epidemiological analysis of the respiratory diseases incidence in the Almaty city for the period 2013-2017 and the level of air pollution with suspended solids over the same period, it was shown that the primary incidence of ROD for a five-year period ranges from 50,947.0 to 65,301.0 cases per 100,000.0 of the population. In the structure of morbidity in all age groups, the largest number of cases is attributable to acute bronchitis; remaining nosologies in decreasing order are pneumonia, infectious bronchitis, asthma, COPD, non-infectious bronchitis, lung cancer. The incidence of acute bronchitis among ROD for 5 years in children and adolescents is more than half the cases, for the adult population it increased by 1.5 times. The incidence of asthma in children and adolescents during this period increased 1.4 times, in adults – 1.7 times. The incidence of COPD over a five-year period increased by 2.8 times, and for adults over 18 years of age – by 4.1 times. Cancer incidence from 2013-2017 increased by more than 4 times. Infectious respiratory diseases have a certain dynamics of decline, especially in the age group up to 18 years. The indicators of air pollution with suspended solids increased over a five-year period, the excess ratio was 1.2 MPC. The relationship between the level of air pollution in Almaty by suspended particles and the incidence of respiratory diseases in the population for the period 2013-2017 is revealed. A direct type of connection and a strong correlation on the Cheddock scale were established between the incidence of asthma (P≤0.05), bronchitis, COPD and the level of contamination with suspended particles. There is an increase in the incidence of nosologies due to air pollution, including PM.
Conclusions: An increase in the primary morbidity of the population of Almaty city in the period 2013-2017 was established by respiratory diseases. In the structure of morbidity in all age groups, the largest number of cases is acute bronchitis, an increase in the incidence of asthma, COPD and lung cancer is noted. A direct high correlation was found between the incidence of asthma, bronchitis, COPD and the level of contamination with suspended particles in the atmospheric air of Almaty city.
Marina B. Lyu 1,2, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-0017
Nailya A. Ibragimova 1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-900X
Dohturbek A. Adambekov 2, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-4250
1 JSC “Scientific center of Anti-infectious drugs”, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 I.K.Akhunbaeva Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek city, Kyrgyzstan
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Lyu M.B., Ibragimova N.A., Adambekov D.A. Assessment of pulmonary diseases incidence in Almaty city in the context of air pollution // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2019, (Vol.21) 4, pp. 90-99.Related publications:
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