EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN ADOLESCENTS
Relevance: Adolescents, due to biological, anatomical, physiological, psycho-emotional and social factors, are one of the most vulnerable groups of the population for tuberculosis. The current conditions of epidemiological problems with adolescent tuberculosis in the region served as the basis for this study.
The purpose of the study: to conduct a comparative analysis of the structure of tuberculosis in adolescents of the Semey region over the past decade.
Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the data of the medical information system "National Register of Tuberculosis Patients" of the Municipal state enterprise on the right of economic management at the Regional Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Rehabilitation of the health department of East Kazakhstan region was carried out. Design is a cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria: adolescents from 15 to 18 years of age, pulmonary tuberculosis. Exclusion criteria: children from 0 to 15 years old, adults 18 years and older, tuberculosis of extrapulmonary localization. A total of 187 adolescents were included in the study by the continuous sampling method: the first group - 138 (tuberculosis was detected in 2011-2015), the second group - 49 (tuberculosis was detected in 2016-2020). Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTechv program. 2.5.9 (developer - Stattech LLC, Russia).
Results: The dynamics of tuberculosis incidence among adolescents over the past decade shows a downward trend. The structure of tuberculosis in adolescents of the second group, compared with the first, was dominated by females (65.3% vs. 42.8%; p=0.007), urban residents (85.7% vs. 68.8%; p=0.022), students (36.7% vs. 20.3%; p=0.038). The proportion of destructive (22.5% and 36.7%) and drug-resistant (35.5% and 36.7%) forms of the disease had no statistically significant differences (p=0.051 and p=0.878, respectively). The introduction of the molecular genetic method Xpert MTB/RIF increased laboratory confirmation of tuberculosis in adolescents by 4 times from 14.5% to 61.2% (p=0.001). The results of treatment in the analyzed groups showed high efficiency and amounted to 96.4% and 96.0%, respectively (p=0.529).
Conclusions: In order to further improve the epidemiological situation in the region, it is necessary to implement high-quality measures for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis among the adolescent population, taking into account the latest WHO recommendations and regulatory documents on tuberculosis control in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Aisha-Bibi E. Aidarbek1, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-1734
Almas Ye. Yerlan2, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-6532
Idaliya R. Rakhimova2, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-2879
Dina D. Chunkayeva2, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-9860
NCJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey c., Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Aidarbek A.-B.E., Yerlan A.Ye., Rakhimova I.R., Chunkayeva D.D. Epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in adolescents // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2022, (Vol.24) 4, pp. 70-78. doi 10.34689/SH.2022.24.4.009Related publications:
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