THE FREQUENCY AND EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF RADIOIODINE THERAPY FOR DISTANT METASTASES OF THYROID CANCER
Introduction. In Kazakhstan, as well as globally, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing. In 2023 the incidence rate rose by 13.1% compared to the previous year. Radioactive iodine therapy (I-131) is the primary treatment method for highly differentiated thyroid cancer (HDTC) following surgical tumor removal. However, in some patients distant metastases may develop, worsening the prognosis and necessitating an assessment of the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy in such cases.
Objective: To study the incidence of distant metastases and evaluate the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy (I-131) in patients with thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for 443 patients diagnosed with HDTC who underwent treatment in the radionuclide therapy department from January to December 2023. Among them, 33 patients (7.4%) were diagnosed with distant metastases. The localization of metastases, therapeutic doses of I-131, and clinical outcomes were assessed based on medical documentation.
Results. Among the 443 patients studied, 7.4% had distant metastases of thyroid cancer. As a result, metastatic lesions were localized in the lungs in 54.5% of cases, in the bones in 12.1%, and in distant lymph nodes in 15.2%. Complete remission was achieved in 44% of patients, while disease stabilization was observed in 50%. In 6% of cases, radioiodine therapy did not produce a significant effect. Additionally, 3% of patients had rare metastatic sites, including the brain and ovaries. These findings highlight the need for further research into factors influencing the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy. Further studies in this area are necessary to optimize treatment strategies for patients with metastatic disease.
Conclusion. The incidence of distant metastases in HDTC was 7.4%, with the lungs being the most frequently affected site. Radioiodine therapy demonstrated high effectiveness in treating patients with metastatic disease, particularly in cases of pulmonary metastases. The obtained data underscore the importance of early diagnosis and timely therapy to improve the prognosis in patients with metastatic lesions.
Sergazina Aida – the resident of the Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, NCJSC «Semey Medical University», Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Postal address: 071400, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, Abay Street, 103.
E-mail: aida89_95@mail.ru
Phone: +7 777 669 0246
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Sergazina A.O., Pak L.A., Dushimova Z.D., Rakhmankulova A.M.,. Esbolatova N.S, Kudaiberdinov K.K., Bekenova Zh.Т., Rysbekov B.N. The frequency and efficacy assessment of radioiodine therapy for distant metastases of thyroid cancer // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2025. Vol.27 (2), pp. 39-45. doi 10.34689/SH.2025.27.2.005Related publications:
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