PARKINSON'S DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Introduction. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that presents a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The cause of the disease is not clearly understood, but by studying large epidemiological studies, it is clear that the disease is polyethiological. In addition to genetic factors, external environmental factors and lifestyle factors also play a role.
Aim. To investigate and identify the association between morbidity and risk factors that may affect the development of PD in patients in the southern region of Kazakhstan.
Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional cohort study. A PD risk factor questionnaire based on a literature review of 43 publications using Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus bibliographic databases was applied to the study. A total of 450 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PD, according to the new 2015 diagnostic criteria, participated in the questionnaire.
The coefficient of association, which represents a measure of the strength of the relationship, was based on the χ2 criterion. Cramer's V criterion was also used to analyze the strength of the relationship between nominal and categorical variables. The results were considered significant at a p-value <0.05. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using SPSS version 22.0.
Results. Out of 450 patients, there were 198 males (44%) and 252 females (56%). The distribution according to disease severity was classified according to Hen-Yar stage: 144 patients (32%) had stage I, 110 patients (24.4%) had stage II, 129 (28.7%) had stage III, 55 (12.2) had stage IV and 12 (2.7%) patients had stage V. The study showed that there was an increased risk of PD in people living in rural areas, engaged in agriculture, and using well water as drinking water. These findings support the hypothesis that exposure to pesticides or other chemicals is a risk factor for PD, according to the literature. Also, a correlation between risk factors and the severity of PD was found. In a comparative analysis between the percentage distribution by stage of PD and water source in the age range 27-53 years, a statistically significant association (p≤0.01) was found between stage IV and consumption of well water (30.6%) with a calculated odds ratio (OR) of 3.70; in the age range 54-64 years, between stage V and consumption of well water (4.9%; OR-2.34; p≤0.05). In a comparative analysis between the percentage distribution of disease stages and place of residence of patients aged 54-64 years, a statistically significant association (p≤0.05) was found between stage V and rural residence (4.2%; OR-2.05; p≤0.05). No statistically significant association could be found for the other factors.
Conclusion. This study is the first in our region to identify PD risk factors. According to the results of collected data in the southern region of Kazakhstan, it was found that of all PD risk factors use of well water as drinking water among people living in rural areas and engaged in agriculture was statistically significant.
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Abdraimova S.O., Zharkinbekova N.A. Parkinson's disease risk factors in the Southern region of Kazakhstan // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2023, (Vol.25) 2, pp. 49-55. doi 10.34689/SH.2023.25.2.007Related publications:
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