CHALLENGES OF MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE. LITERATURE REVIEW.
Introduction. Microbiological safety of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is one of the priority tasks in maintaining and strengthening the public health.
The purpose of this work was to review the results of foreign and domestic sanitary and microbiological studies on the microbiological safety of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH).
Search Strategies. The authors of this article codeveloped a search strategy that was the same for each database. Traditional search of sources by keywords was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases in English, Russian and Kazakh languages with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty-three sources out of 116 were selected as analytical materials. The depth of the search was from 1977 to 2020. The criteria for including publications in the review were as follows: publications in Russian and English that are in open full-text access and contain statistically confirmed conclusions. Summary reports, newspaper articles and personal messages were excluded from the review.
Results. Ensuring the microbial safety of the drinking-water supply relies on the use of many barriers from the water collection to the consumer in order to prevent contamination from drinking water or reduce it to acceptable levels, not harmful to health. Safety is enhanced when multiple barriers against contamination are established, including protecting water resources, selecting and implementing a range of appropriate treatment measures, and regulating distribution systems (piped or non-piped) to maintain and protect the quality of treated water. The preferred strategy is a regulatory approach that focuses on preventing or reducing the entry of pathogens into water sources, and on reducing reliance on water treatment to remove pathogens.
Conclusion. Thus, ensuring the microbial safety of WASH requires the following: an assessment of the entire system to determine the potential harmful factors that may affect it; determination of control measures to reduce or eliminate these harmful factors as well as operational monitoring to ensure the effective functioning of barriers from infection within the system; and developing regulatory plans to describe actions to be taken both under normal conditions and in unforeseen circumstances.
Alua O. Omarova1,*, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-3824
Ilya A. Belyayev2, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3373-2059
Saule B. Akhmetova3, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-742X
Nurbek Zh. Yerdesov1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-3140
Chingiz U. Ismailov1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-7115
Azamat D. Kharin1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-5159
1 School of Public Health and Biomedicine, Karaganda Medical University,
Karaganda c., Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 Shared Laboratory of Science Research Center, Karaganda Medical University,
Karaganda c., Republic of Kazakhstan;
3 Department of Biomedicine, Karaganda Medical University,
Karaganda c., Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Omarova A.O., Belyayev I.A., Akhmetova S.B., Yerdesov N.Zh., Ismailov Ch.U., Kharin A.D. Challenges of microbiological safety of water supply, sanitation and hygiene. Literature review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2021, (Vol.23) 4, pp. 46-57. doi 10.34689/SH.2021.23.4.005Похожие публикации:
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