ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
Актуальность. Рак молочной железы является наиболее распространенным видом рака среди женщин и вторым по частоте встречаемости во всем мире среди впервые выявленных видов рака. На сегодня, есть множество данных, показывающих влияние образа жизни и факторов окружающей среды на развитие рака молочной железы. К таким факторам можно отнести диету с высоким содержанием жиров, употребление алкоголя, недостаточная физическая активность. Эти факторы поддаются коррекции, позволит снизить заболеваемость и смертность.
Цель. Изучить факторы риска развития рака молочной железы.
Материалы и методы. В настоящем обзоре были использованы базы данных MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd. Изучены источники без лимитирования по языку. Обзор литературы проводился в электронном и в ручном режимах. Для обзора были отобраны статьи, соответствующие критериям включения и исключения.
Для поиска и отбора статей использовался принцип PRISMA (Предпочтительный Метод Отчета Для Систематических Обзоров и Метаанализов). Для обзора были отобраны статьи, соответствующие ключевым словам - Рак молочной железы, первичная профилактика рака, факторы риска рака молочной железы. Было найдено 715 статей. В поиск включались систематические обзоры, метаанализы, рандомизированные клинические исследования. Для удаления дубликатов и отбора статей использовался ресурс «https://rayyan.ai/» После отбора статей было выбрано 200 источников, которые были включены в итоговую обработку.
Результаты и обсуждение. Первичная профилактика оказывает значительное влияние на уровень заболеваемости. Образ жизни и факторы окружающей среды играют большую роль в развитии рака молочной железы. При этом частой проблемой является то, что знания женщин о влиянии образа жизни на развитие рака молочной железы ограничены. Существует необходимость в повышении уровня знаний женского населения о факторах риска развития рака молочной железы и о способах их коррекции.
Вывод. Изучение факторов риска показывает, что на сегодняшний день многие факторы поддаются коррекции. На сегодняшний день необходимо проводить междисциплинарные исследования, направленные на повышение профилактики с упором на первичные профилактические меры, что позволит снизить влияние «корректируемых» факторов риска. Также из-за наличия генетических факторов риска есть необходимость в увеличении диапазона применения генетических методов исследования.
Адия Б. Шертаева 1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-3330
Динара А. Оспанова 1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-8392
Андрей М. Гржибовский 2, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-0498
1 Казахский Медицинский Университет Непрерывного Образования, г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан;
2 Северный Государственный Медицинский Университет, г. Архангельск, Российская Федерация.
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Шертаева А.Б., Оспанова Д.А., Гржибовский А.М. Факторы риска развития рака молочной железы // Наука и Здравоохранение. 2022. 2(Т.24). С. 167-174. doi 10.34689/SH.2022.24.2.020Похожие публикации:
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