РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ ДЕРМАТОФИТИЙ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ В МИРЕ
Актуальность: В дерматологической структуре заболеваемости грибковые болезни занимают второе место после пиодермий и составляют до 42% заболеваний кожи. Проблема дерматомикозов приобретает большую актуальность в связи с многообразием путей передачи возбудителей и их высокой устойчивостью во внешней среде, изменением иммунного ответа организма человека.
Цель: Анализ научной информации по заболеваемости и видовому составу возбудителей дерматофитных инфекций кожи в различных регионах мира, а также их влиянию на качество жизни пациентов.
Стратегия поиска: Поиск научных публикаций проводился в базах данных PubMed, Elsiever, Medline, в специализированной поисковой системе GoogleScholar
Результаты: Дерматофитиями болеют около 25% населения земного шара, а гриб Trichophyton rubrum является основным возбудителем этой группы болезней. На севере и востоке Африки наблюдается преобладание T. violaceum, а в западных и центральных районах континента – T. Sudanense и M. audouinii. В Индии ведущими возбудителями грибковой инфекции кожи являются Trichophyton mentagrophytes и T. rubrum. В Европе онихомикоз чаще всего вызывают T. rubrum и T. Interdigitale, а дерматомикозе головы вызывают M. audouinii, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. soudanense и M. сanis. При персистирующей и рецидивирующей дерматофитии выявлено чрезвычайно большое и очень большое влияние на качество жизни, при этом страдали не только физиологические аспекты жизни больных, но и ухудшалось их эмоциональное и социальное самочувствие. У пациентов с грибковыми поражениями в области паховых складок и ягодичной области качество жизни ухудшилось в большей степени, чем в других местах.
Выводы: Trichophyton rubrum является наиболее частым возбудителем, хотя частота инфекций, вызванных T. interdigitale и T. mentagrophytes, увеличивается в некоторых частях мира. Установлено значительное влияние персистирующих и стойких форм микозов кожи на качество жизни пациентов.
Алма А. Аймолдина1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-6926
Гульнар Р. Батпенова1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-2044
Тогжан О. Алгазина1, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-5574
Татьяна В. Котлярова1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6749-7961
Дархан М. Амантаев1, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-6026
Владимир С. Киян2, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-9151
1 НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», г. Астана, Республика Казахстан;
2 ТОО «Национальный центр биотехнологии», г. Астана, Республика Казахстан.
1. Статистический сборник "Здоровье населения Республики Казахстан и деятельность организаций здравоохранения в 2020 г". Нур-Султан, 2021. С. 272.
2. Сундеева Е.А. Некоторые аспекты эпидемиологии, клинические проявления и терапия микроспории, трихофитии в Восточно-Казахстанской области: дис. … канд. мед. наук. 2008. С.7-8.
3. Abd Elmegeed A.S.M., Ouf S.A., Moussa T.A.A., Eltahlawi S.M.R. Dermatophytes and other associated fungi in patients attending to some hospitals in Egypt // Braz J Microbiol. 2015. N 46. P. 799–805.
4. Abdel-Rahman S.M. Genetic predictors of susceptibility to dermatophytosis // Mycopathologia. 2017. N 182. P. 67–76.
5. Aboueisha A.M., El-Mahallawy H. Public health significance of dermato- phytes in Ismailia and Port Said Provinces, Egypt // Med Mycol J. 2013. N 54. P. 123–129.
6. AL-Khikani F.H.O. Dermatophytosis a worldwide contiguous fungal infection: Growing challenge and few solutions // Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ). 2020. N 4(2). P. 117-122.
7. Almuzaini A. M., Osman S. A., Saeed E. M. A. An outbreak of dermatophytosis in camels (Camelus dromedaríus) at Qassim Region, Central of Saudi Arabia // Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2016. N 44(1). P. 126-129.
8. Alshehri B.A., Alamri A.M., Rabaan A.A., Al-Tawfiq J.A. Epidemiology of Dermatophytes Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia: A 20-Year Survey // Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health. 2021. N 11.4. P. 405-412.
9. Andersen P. L., Jemec G. B., Loft I. C., Saunte D. M., Pedersen O. B. Quality of Life in Danish Blood Donors Treated for Superficial Fungal Infections // Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 2021. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v101.749
10. Antuori A., Fernández, G., Fernández A. et al. Epidemiology of dermatophytic infections between 2008 and 2017 in Barcelona, Spain // Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 2019. N 37. P. 642–647.
11. Araya S., Tesfaye B., Fente D. Epidemiology of dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi infection in Ethiopia // Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 2020. N 13. P. 291–297.
12. Asz-Sigall D., Tosti A., Arenas R. Tinea Unguium: Diagnosis and Treatment in Practice // Mycopathologia. 2017. 182. P. 95–100.
13. Balakumar S., Rajan S., Thirunalasundari T., Jeeva S. Epidemiology of dermatophytosis in and around Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India // Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2012. N 2. P. 286-9.
14. Baumgardner D.B. Fungal infections from human and animal contact // J Patient-Centered Res Rev. 2017. N 4. P. 78–89.
15. Benmezdad A., Moulahem T., Benyezzar M. et al. Tinea capitis in the University Hospital of Constantine (Algeria) // J Mycol Me ћБdicale. 2012. N 22. P. 354–356.
16. Bhagra S., Ganju S. A., Kanga A., Sharma N. L., Guleria R. C. Mycological pattern of dermatophytosis in and around Shimla hills // Indian journal of dermatology. 2014. N 59(3). P. 268-270.
17. Bhavsar Hitendra K., Modi Dhara J., Sood Nidhi K., Shah Hetal S. A Study of Superficial Mycoses with Clinical Mycological Profile in Tertiary Care Hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat // Natl. J. Med. Res. 2012. N 2. P. 160–164.
18. Bishnoi A., Mahajan R. Tinea cruris. In Diagnostics to Pathogenomics of Sexually Transmitted Infections // Wiley, 2018. P. 329–340.
19. Bitew A. Dermatophytosis: Prevalence of dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte fungi from patients attending Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia // Dermatol Res Pract. 2018. Р. 1–6.
20. Brettmann E.A., de Guzman Strong C. Recent evolution of the human skin barrier // Exp Dermatol. 2018. N 27. P. 859–866.
21. Bunyaratavej S., Pattanaprichakul P., Leeyaphan C., Chayangsu O., Bunyaratavej S., Kulthanan K. Onychomycosis: a study of self‐recognition by patients and quality of life // Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2015. N 81(3). P. 270‐274.
22. Contet-Audonneau N., Grosjean P., Razanakolona L.-R. et al. Tinea capitis in Madagascar: a survey in a primary school in Antsirabe // Ann Dermatol Venereologie. 2006. N 133. P. 22–25.
23. Coulibaly O., Kone A.K., Niare ́-Doumbo S. et al. Dermatophytosis among schoolchildren in three eco-climatic zones of Mali // PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016. N 10. P. e0004675.
24. Coulibaly O., L’Ollivier C., Piarroux R., Ranque, S. Epidemiology of human dermatophytoses in Africa // Medical mycology. 2018. N 56(2). P. 145-161.
25. Czaika V.A., Lam P.A. () Trichophyton mentagrophytes cause underestimated contagious zoophilic fungal infection // Mycoses. 2013. N 56. P. 33–37.
26. Dalla Lana D.F., Batista B.G., Alves S.H., Fuentefria A.M. Dermatofitoses: Agentes etiológicos, formas clínicas, terapêutica e novas perspectivas de tratamento. Clin. Biomed. Res. 2016. N 36. P. 230–241.
27. Das A., Sil A., Fatima F., Podder I., Jafferany M. Impact of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis on quality of life and psychologic morbidity – a cross‐sectional study // Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2022. N 21(8). P. 3586–3592.
28. Das A., Sil A., Fatima F., Podder I., Jafferany M. Therapeutic management of psychological morbidity and impaired quality of life in patients with persistent dermatophytoses // Dermatologic Therapy. 2020. N 33(6). P. e14124.
29. Das S., De A., Saha R., Sharma N., Khemka M., Singh S., Hesanoor Reja A., Kumar P. The current Indian epidemic of dermatophytosis: A study on causative agents and sensitivity patterns. Indian J. Dermatol. 2020. N 65. P. 118–122.
30. De Albuquerque Maranhão F.C., Oliveira-Júnior J.B., dos Santos Araújo M.A., Silva D.M.W. Mycoses in northeastern Brazil: Epidemiology and prevalence of fungal species in 8 years of retrospective analysis in Alagoas // Braz. J. Microbiol. 2019. N 50. P. 969–978.
31. De Hoog G.S., Dukik K., Monod M., Packeu A., Stubbe D., Hendrickx M., Kupsch C., Stielow J.B. et al. Toward a novel multilocus phylogenetic taxonomy for the dermatophytes // Mycopathologia. 2017. N 18. P. 5–31.
32. De Oliveira Pereira F., Gomes S. M., da Silva S. L., de Castro Teixeira A. P., Lima I. O. The prevalence of dermatophytoses in Brazil: a systematic review // Journal of medical microbiology. 2021, N 70(3). P. 278-280.
33. Debnath C., Mitra T., Kumar A., Samanta I. Detection of dermatophytes in healthy companion dogs and cats in eastern India // Iran J Vet Res. 2016. N 17. P. 20–24.
34. Eckhart L., Zeeuwen P.L.J.M. The skin barrier: epidermis vs environment.// Exp Dermatol. 2018. N 27. P. 805–806.
35. El-Khalawany M., Shaaban D., Hassan H. et al. A multicenter clinicomy- cological study evaluating the spectrum of adult tinea capitis in Egypt // Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2013. N 22. P. 77–82.
36. Garcia-Romero M.T., Arenas R. New insights into genes, immunity, and the occurrence of dermatophytosis // J Invest Dermatol. 2015. N 135. P. 655–657.
37. Gnat S., Łagowski D., Nowakiewicz A., Ziezba P. Tinea corporis by Microsporum canis in mycological laboratory staff: unexpected results of epidemiological investigation // Mycoses. 2018. N 61. P. 945–953.
38. Gnat S., Nowakiewicz A., Łagowski D., Ziezba P. Host- and pathogen-dependent susceptibility and predisposition to dermatophytosis // J Med Microbiol. 2019. N 68. P. 823–836.
39. Gnat S., Nowakiewicz A., Ziezba P. Taxonomy of dermatophytes – the classification systems may change but the identification problems remain the same // Adv Microbiol. 2019. N 58. P. 49–58.
40. Grigoryan K.V., Tollefson M.M., Olson M.A., Newman C.C. Pediatric tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Rochester, Minnesota, United States // Int. J. Dermatol. 2019. N 58. P. 912–915.
41. Gupta A.K., Stec N. Emerging drugs for the treatment of onychomycosis // Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs. 2019. N 24. P. 213–220.
42. Gupta A.K., Versteeg S.G., Shear N.H. Onychomycosis in the 21st Century: An Update on Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Treatment // J. Cutan. Med. Surg. 2017. N 21. P. 525–539.
43. Hay R.J. Tinea capitis: Current status // Mycopathologia. 2017. N 182. P. 87–93.
44. Hayette M.P., Sacheli R. Unusual species of dermatophytes: rarely identified or new? // Mycopathologia. 2017. N 182(1). P. 203-213.
45. Hazarika N., Rajaprabha R.K. Assessment of life quality index among patients with acne vulgaris in a suburban population // Indian J Dermatol. 2016. N 61. P. 163–168.
46. Hedayat K., Karbakhsh M., Ghiasi M., Goodarzi A., Fakour Y., Akbari Z. et al. Quality of life in patients with vitiligo: a cross-sectional study based on Vitiligo Quality of Life index (VitiQoL) // Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016. N 14. P. 1–9.
47. Heidrich D., Garcia M.R., Stopiglia C.D.O., Magagnin C.M., Daboit T.C., Vetoratto G. Dermatophytosis: a 16-year retrospective study in a metropolitian area in Southern Brazil // J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015. N 9(8), P. 865-871.
48. Hogewoning A.A., Adegnika A.A., Bouwes Bavinck J.N. et al. Prevalence and causative fungal species of tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Gabon // Mycoses. 2011. N 54. P. e354–e359.
https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/dsm/documents/details/246287?lang=ru Дата обращения: 25.11.2022
49. Hubka V., Nissen C.V., Jensen R.H., Arendrup, M.C., Cmokova A., Kubatova A., Skorepova M., Kolarik M. Discovery of a sexual stage in Trichophyton onychocola, a presumed geophilic dermatophyte isolated from toenails of patients with a history of T. rubrum onychomycosis // Med Mycol. 2015. N 53. P. 798–809.
50. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Data from: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. 2018.
51. Jha B., Bhattarai S., Sapkota J., Sharma M., Bhatt C.P. Dermatophytes in Skin, Nail and Hair among the Patients Attending Out Patient Department // J. Nepal Health Res. Counc. 2019. N 16. P. 434–437.
52. Kakande T., Batunge Y., Eilu E., Shabohurira A., Abimana J., Akinola S.A., Muhwezi R., Sunusi Adam A. Prevalence of dermatophytosis and antifungal activity of ethanolic crude leaf extract of Tetradenia riparia against dermatophytes isolated from patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Uganda // Dermatol Res Pract. 2019. Р. 1–13.
53. Korniłłowicz-Kowalska T., Kitowski I., Iglik H. Geophilic dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi in the nests of wetland birds // Acta Mycol. 2013. N 46. P. 83–107.
54. Łagowski D., Gnat S., Nowakiewicz A., Osinska M., Troscianczyk A., Ziezba P. In search of the source of dermatophytosis: epidemiological analysis of Trichophyton verrucosum infection in llamas and the breeder (case report) // Zoonoses Public Health. 2019. N 66. P. 982–989
55. Lee W.J., Kim S.L., Jang Y.H., Lee S.J., Bang Y.J., Jun J. B. Increasing prevalence of Trichophyton rubrum identified through an analysis of 115,846 cases over the last 37 years // Journal of Korean medical science. 2015. N 30(5). P. 639-643.
56. Leung A.K., Lam J.M., Leong K.F., Hon K.L. Tinea corporis: An updated review // Drugs Context. 2020. N 9. P. 1–12.
57. Mattei P.L., Corey K.C., Kimball A.B. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): the correlation between disease severity and psychological burden in patients treated with biological therapies // J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014. N 28(3). P. 333‐337.
58. Milobratovic D., Jankovic S., Vukicevic J., Marinkovic J., Jankovic J., Railic Z. Quality of life in patients with toenail onychomycosis // Mycoses. 2013. N 56(5). P.543‐551.
59. Murmu S., Debnath C., Pramanik A.K., Mitra T., Jana S., Dey S., Banerjee S., Batabyal, K. () Detection and characterization of zoonotic dermatophytes from dogs and cats in and around Kolkata // Vet world. 2015. N 8. P. 1078–1082.
60. Mushtaq S., Faizi N., Amin S.S., Adil M., Mohtashim M. Impact on quality of life in patients with dermatophytosis // Australasian Journal of Dermatology. 2020. N 61(2). P. 184-188.
61. Narang T., Bhattacharjee R., Singh S., Jha K., Mahajan R., Dogra S. Quality of life and psychological morbidity in patients with superficial cutaneous dermatophytosis // Mycoses. 2019. 62(8). P. 680–685.
62. Nayak P.B., Girisha B.S., Noronha T.M. Correlation between disease severity, family income, and quality of life in psoriasis: A study from South India // Indian Dermatol Online J. 2018. N 9. P. 165–169.
63. Nenoff P., Kruger C., Ginter-Hanselmayer G., Tietz H.-J. Mycology – an update. Part 1: Dermatomycoses: causative agents, epidemiology and pathogenesis // J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2014. N 12 P. 188–209.
64. Neves J.J.A., Paulino A.O., Vieira R.G., Nishida E.K., Coutinho S.D.A. The presence of dermatophytes in infected pets and their household environment // Arq Bras Med Vet. Zootec. 2018. N 70. P. 1747–1753.
65. Nussipov Y., Markabayeva A., Gianfaldoni S., Tchernev G., Wollina U., Lotti J., Lotti T. Clinical and epidemiological features of dermatophyte infections in Almaty, Kazakhstan // Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences. 2017. N 5(4). P. 409-413.
66. Oke O. O., Onayemi O., Olasode O. A., Omisore A. G., Oninla O. A. The prevalence and pattern of superficial fungal infections among school children in Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria // Dermatology Research and Practice. 2014. N 2014. P. 1-7.
67. Pasquetti M., Min A., Scacchetti S., Dogliero A., Peano A. Infection by Microsporum canis in paediatric patients: a veterinary perspective // Vet Sci. 2017. N 4(46). doi: 10.3390/vetsci4030046
68. Patel N. H., Padhiyar J. K., Patel A. P., Chhebber A. S., Patel B. R., Patel T. D. Psychosocial and financial impact of disease among patients of dermatophytosis, a questionnaire-based observational study // Indian dermatology online journal. 2020. N 11(3). P. 373–377.
69. Patro N., Panda M., Jena A.K. The menace of superficial dermatophytosis on the quality of life of patients attending referral hospital in eastern India: a cross-sectional observational study // Indian Dermatol Online J. 2019. N 10. P.262–66.
70. Pchelin I.M., Zlatogursky V.V., Rudneva M.V., Chilina G.A., Rezaei-Matehkolaei A., Lavnikevich D.M., Vasilyeva N.V., Taraskina A.E. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in dermatomycete genus Trichophyton Malmsten 1848 based on ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, partial 28S rRNA and beta-tubulin genes sequences // Mycoses. 2016. N 59. P. 566–575.
71. Persinoti G.F., Martinez D.A., Li W., Dogen A., Billmyre R.B., Averette A., Goldberg J.M., Shea T. et al. Whole-genome analysis illustrates global clonal population structure of the ubiquitous dermatophyte pathogen Trichophyton rubrum. Genetics. 2018. N 208. P. 1657–1669.
72. Petrucelli M. F., Abreu, M. H. D., Cantelli, B. A. M. et al. Epidemiology and diagnostic perspectives of dermatophytosis // Journal of Fungi. 2020. N 6(310). doi:10.3390/jof6040310
73. Pires C.A.A., da Cruz N.F.S., Lobato A.M., de Sousa P.O., Carneiro F.R.O., Mendes A.M.D. Clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic profile of dermatophytosis // An. Bras. Dermatol. 2014. N 89. P. 259–264.
74. Rad B.H., Hashemi S.J., Farasatinasab M., Atighi J. Epidemiological survey of human dermatophytosis due to zoophilic species in Tehran, Iran // Iranian journal of public health. 2018. N 47(12). P. 1930–1936.
75. Rafat Z., Hashemi S.J., Saboor-Yaraghi A.A. et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the epidemiology, casual agents and demographic characteristics of onychomycosis in Iran // J. Mycol. Med. 2019. N 29. P. 265–272.
76. Rajashekar T.S., Nandigonnanavar S., Kuppuswamy S.K., Madhavi G.S. Dermatology life quality index in patients with persisting and recurrent dermatophytosis // Int J Res Dermatol. 2019. N 5. P. 139–43.
77. Sai B.S., Tejashree A., Veeranna S., Krishna Karthik M. Speciation and In Vitro Activity of Four Antifungal Drugs Against Clinical Isolates of Dermatophytes By E-Test Method // Int. J. Sci. Res. 2019. N 8. P. 16-18.
78. Seite S., Misery L. Skin sensitivity and skin microbiota: Is there a link? // Exp Dermatol. 2018. N 27(9). P. 1061–1064.
79. Shukla P., Verma P., Suvirya S., Pathania S., Kapoor D. Cutaneous dermatophytosis: A problem deeper than we perceive–A cross sectional prospective study on quality of life in 385 patients // Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2022. N 17. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101115.
80. Sigurgeirsson B., Baran R. The prevalence of onychomycosis in the global population–a literature study // Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2014. N 28.11. P. 1480-1491.
81. Teklebirhan G., Bitew A. Prevalence of dermatophytic infection and the spectrum of dermatophytes in patients attending a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia // International journal of microbiology. 2015. N 2015. 653419.
82. Thakur R. Tinea capitis in Botswana // Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2013. N 6. P. 37–41.
83. Urban K., Chu S., Scheufele C., Giesey R. L., Mehrmal S., Uppal P., Delost G. R. The global, regional, and national burden of fungal skin diseases in 195 countries and territories: A cross-sectional analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 // JAAD international. 2021. N 2. P. 22–27.
84. Vares B., Mohseni M., Heshmatkhah A. et al. Quality of life in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis // Arch Iran Med. 2013. N 16(8). P. 474‐477.
85. Vena G.A., Chieco P., Posa F., Garofalo A., Bosco A., Cassano N. Epidemiology of dermatophytoses: retrospective analysis from 2005 to 2010 and comparison with previous data from 1975 // New Microbiol. 2012. N 35. P. 207–213.
86. Verma S., Verma G., Sharma V., Bhagra S., Negi A., Tegta G. R. Current spectrum of dermatophytosis in a tertiary care hospital of North India–A 6-year clinico-mycological study // J Med Sci Clin Res. 2017. N 5(03). P. 19488-94.
87. Vishnu S., Tarun K.K., Anima S., Ruchi S., Subhash C. Dermatophytes: Diagnosis of dermatophytosis and its treatment // Afr J Microbiol Res. 2015. N 9. P. 1286–93.
88. Woo T.E., Somayaji R., Haber R.M., Parsons L. Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous Tinea Infections. Adv. Skin Wound Care. 2019. N 32. P. 350–357.
89. Yap F.B., Kiung S.T., Yap J.B. Quality of life in patients with erythema nodosum leprosum in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia // Indian Dermatol Online J. 2016. N 7(4). P. 255‐258.
90. Zhan P., Dukik K., Li D., Sun J., Stielow J.B., Gerrits van den Ende B., Brankovics B., Menken S.B.J. et al. Phylogeny of dermatophytes with genomic character evaluation of clinically distinct Trichophyton rubrum and T. violaceum // Stud Mycol. 2018. N 89. P. 153–175.
91. Zhan P., Liu W. The changing face of dermatophytic infections worldwide // Mycopathologia. 2017. N 182. P. 77–86.
92. Zhang M., Zhang N. Quality of life assessment in patients with alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia in the People’s Republic of China // Dovepress. 2017. N 11. P. 151–155.
References:
1. Statisticheskii sbornik "Zdorov'e naseleniya Respubliki Kazakhstan i deyatel'nost' organizatsii zdravookhraneniya v 2020 g" [Statistical collection "Health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the activities of healthcare organizations in 2020"]. Nur-Sultan, 2021. P. 272. [in Russian]
2. Sundeуeva E.A. Nekotorye aspekty epidemiologii, klinicheskie proyavleniya i terapiya mikrosporii, trikhofitii v Vostochno-Kazakhstanskoi oblasti: dis. … kand. med. nauk [Some aspects of epidemiology, clinical manifestations and therapy of microsporia, trichophytosis in the East Kazakhstan region. Cand. dis.] 2008. pp.7-8. [in Russian]
Количество просмотров: 591
Категория статей:
Обзор литературы
Библиографическая ссылка
Аймолдина А.А., Батпенова Г.Р., Алгазина Т.О., Котлярова Т.В., Амантаев Д.М., Киян В.С. Распространенность дерматофитий и их влияние на качество жизни пациентов в мире // Наука и Здравоохранение. 2023. 4(Т.25). С. 246-257. DOI 10.34689/SH.2023.25.4.030Похожие публикации:
ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ И ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ ЛАПАРОСКОПИЯ ПРИ ТРАВМАХ ЖИВОТА. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ.
КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ И МЕТОДЫ ЕГО ОЦЕНКИ ПРИ ПЕРВИЧНОМ БИЛИАРНОМ ХОЛАНГИТЕ
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННО-ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫЕ ПОРАЖЕНИЯ ПЕЧЕНИ И ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ
INTERRELATION OF INTRAABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION AND MARKERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION
НОВЫЕ СИНДРОМЫ И ПАТТЕРНЫ ОСТРОЙ ОККЛЮЗИИ КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ.