ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ И КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОЦЕНКИ КУЛЬТУРЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ В МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ
Актуальность: Повышение качества медицинской помощи и предотвращение практических ошибок связаны с культурой безопасности пациентов в медицинской организации. Оценка культуры безопасности пациентов помогает выявить проблемные области и создает основу для улучшения безопасности, что приводит к повышению качества ухода, лечения и доверия к медицинским организациям. Изучение инструментов оценки культуры безопасности способствует разработке методов, которые учитывают уникальные потребности каждой медицинской организации, дает возможность более точной и релевантной оценки текущей культуры безопасности.
Цель: Целью данного обзора был анализ инструментов, используемых для оценки культуры безопасности пациентов, а также факторов, оказывающих влияние на культуру безопасности пациентов.
Стратегия поиска: В настоящей работе представлен литературный обзор из источников CINAHL, Google Scholar и PubMed за последние 10 лет с января 2013 г по декабрь 2023 годы. Статьи, включенные в обзор, были опубликованы на английском языке.
Результаты: По итогам поиска отобрано 59 статей, которые соответствовали всем критериям отбора. В изученных нами исследованиях проводилась оценка культуры безопасности пациентов с использованием следующих 6 инструментов: опросник о культуре безопасности в больницах (HSPSC), опросник отношения к безопасности (SAQ), климат безопасности пациентов в организациях здравоохранения (PSCHO), модифицированный инструмент Стэнфорда (MSI-2006), шотландский опросник по безопасности в больницах (SHSQ) и австрийский опросник климата безопасности пациентов (A-PaSKI). Важные элементы, формирующие культуру безопасности пациентов, включают в себя работу в команде, обучение по организационным и поведенческим навыкам. Ключевыми факторами также являются сообщения об ошибках, уровень осведомленности о безопасности, пол, опыт работы и численность персонала.
Выводы: Командная работа, организационное и поведенческое обучение являются одними из факторов, оказывающих значительное влияние на культуру безопасности пациентов. Сообщения об ошибках и осведомленность о стандартах безопасности, гендерные и демографические данные, опыт работы и штат сотрудников являются дополнительными критическими факторами, которые необходимо учитывать для улучшения восприятия культуры безопасности пациентов. Полученные данные демонстрируют растущий интерес представителей отрасли здравоохранения к оценке общей культуры безопасности пациентов в медицинских организациях.
Куролай Ж. Аймолдина1,2, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4617-2799
Насихат К. Нургалиева1, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-1053
Гульмира А. Дербисалина1, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-5061
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Аймолдина К.Ж., Нургалиева Н.К., Дербисалина Г.А. Инструменты и ключевые аспекты оценки культуры безопасности пациентов в медицинских организациях // Наука и Здравоохранение. 2024. Т.26 (4). С. 238-249. doi 10.34689/SH.2024.26.4.026Похожие публикации:
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