RADIATION EXPOSURE IN THE SEMIPALATINSK REGION: TRANSGENERATIONAL RISKS AND DOSIMETRY APPROACHES
Abstract: The Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan was the site of extensive nuclear testing during the Soviet era, leading to long-term environmental contamination and potential health effects for exposed populations.
Aim: Analysis of existing studies on radiation dosimetry and health effects of radiation exposure in the affected regions.
Search strategy: Relevant literature was identified through searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search covered studies published up to January 2025 using the following key terms: “Semipalatinsk nuclear test site”, “radiation exposure”, “biodosimetry”, “transgenerational effects”, and “radiation-induced mutations”. No date or language restrictions were applied at the search stage. A total of 74 records were initially retrieved. After duplicate removal, 70 articles were screened based on title and abstract. The full text of 45 articles was reviewed for eligibility, and 39 publications were selected based on their relevance to the objectives of this review.
Results: The article discusses key biodosimetric methods, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and glycophorin A (GPA) assays, which have been used to estimate radiation exposure. Studies indicate increased mutation rates, potential transgenerational effects, and a heightened risk of oncological diseases among exposed populations. Despite decades of research, uncertainties remain regarding radiation exposure's long-term genetic and epigenetic consequences.
Conclusions: This review highlights the necessity for further investigations using advanced molecular techniques to clarify the impact of radiation on future generations and improve radioprotection strategies.
Altay Dyussupov - Chairman of the Board-Rector, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: altay.dyusupov@smu.edu.kz
Nailya Chaizhunusova - Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77771450100, E-mail: n.nailya@mail.ru
Assel Baibussinova - Epidemiology and biostatistics department, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan, 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: assel.baibussinova@smu.edu.kz
Meruyert Massabayeva - Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan, 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: meruyert.massabayeva@smu.edu.kz
Madina Abenova, Epidemiology and biostatistics department, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan, 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: madina.abenova@smu.edu.kz
Lyudmila Pivina, Department of Emergency Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: lyudmila.pivina@smu.edu.kz
Andrey Orekhov, Department of Therapy, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan, 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: andrey.orekhov@smu.edu.kz
Zhanargul Smailova, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan, 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: zhanargul.smailova@smu.edu.kz
Dinara Mukanova, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan; 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: dinara.mukanova@smu.edu.kz
Murat Lepesbayev, Forensic Examination Center of the Abai Region, Semey, Kazakhstan; 3 Sechenov Street, +7 (7222) 42‒23‒68, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: king87ml@gmail.com
Rauan Kissina, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan, 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: rauan.kisina@smu.edu.kz
Tokzhan Akhmadiyeva, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan, 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77222522251, E-mail: tokzhan.akhmadiyeva@smu.edu.kz
Galiya Alibayeva, Semey Hospital of Emergency Medical Care, Semey, Kazakhstan; 140A Michurina Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +7 (7222) 77 73 38, E-mail: galiya.5@mail.ru
Saulesh Apbassova - Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University 103 Abay Street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan, Tel: +77079196975, E-mail: apbasova65@mail.ru
Gulshara Abdildinova, Hospital of the Medical Center of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan, E-mail: Info@oospm.kz
Asset Izdenov, Department of Medical Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan, Mangilik El 8 Ave., House of Ministries, 5nd entrance, 010000, Astana city, Republic of Kazakhstan ; Clerical Office, 8 (7172) 74-31-71, 74-36-95, E-mail: Asetizdenov@mail.ru
Raushan Dosmagambetova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Advisor on Science to the Director of the Research Institute of Health Resort Management and Medical Rehabilitation, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan; e-mail: dosmagambetovaraushan@gmail.com;
Dariya Shabdarbayeva – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Vice Rector for Science and Strategic Development", Semey Medical University", Semey, Kazakhstan, phone 8 707 365 82 71, e-mail: dariya_kz@bk.ru
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Dyussupov A., Chaizhunussova N., Baibussinova A., Massabayeva M., Abenova M., Pivina L., Orekhov A., Smailova Zh., Mukanova D., Lepesbayev M., Kissina R., Akhmadiyeva T., Alibayeva G., Apbassova S., Abdildinova G., Izdenov A., Dosmagambetova R., Shabdarbayeva D. Radiation Exposure in the Semipalatinsk Region: Transgenerational Risks and Dosimetry Approaches // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2025. Vol.27 (3), pp. 165-174. doi 10.34689/SH.2025.27.3.019Похожие публикации:
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