ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS AND RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE ABAI REGION DURING THE PERIOD 2014–2022
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with over 7 million new cases reported in 2022 alone, partially due to pandemic-related disruptions. Despite global progress, drug-resistant forms and co-infections with HIV and diabetes continue to hinder TB control. In Kazakhstan, significant reductions in TB incidence and mortality have been achieved, yet multidrug-resistant TB and regional disparities persist. The Abai region, formed from the former East Kazakhstan area, has shown variable trends that warrant focused analysis.
The primary objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the Abai region over the period from 2014 to 2022, with a particular focus on identifying key socio-demographic determinants and associated risk factors.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective epidemiological study was based on data from Form № TB-03/u of the National Tuberculosis Registry of Kazakhstan (NTR-TB RK) covering the period from 2014 to 2022. The registry includes detailed demographic, clinical, laboratory, and drug susceptibility data on all newly diagnosed and recurrent TB cases. Prior to analysis, the dataset was anonymized, standardized, and coded. Only complete records were included, while those with missing critical data were excluded. Statistical analysis involved incidence calculations, descriptive statistics, and appropriate comparative tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: A total of 3,555 TB cases were registered in the Abai region from 2014 to 2022, with a clear downward trend—from 752 cases in 2014 to 234 in 2022. Most patients were male (61.7%), and pulmonary TB predominated (85%), with infiltrative forms being the most common. Two-thirds of patients resided in urban areas, and nearly half (48.4%) were unemployed at diagnosis. Although no specific risk factors were identified in 84.8% of cases, alcohol abuse, diabetes, prior incarceration, and HIV infection were reported in a minority. Drug-resistant TB was detected in 29.3% of cases, and treatment success (cure or completion) was achieved in over 75% of patients.
Conclusion: To sustain and accelerate progress toward TB elimination, it is essential to integrate TB services into broader health and social care systems, with a focus on targeted support for high-risk groups and improved continuity of care across all stages of the treatment cascade.
Adilzhanov Assylkhan Bolatkhanovich – Director of Regional HIV Prevention Center, State Municipal Enterprise under the Health Department of the Abai Region, phone: 8 707 721 06 85, e-mail: han_21.06.85@mail.ru, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan;
Adilgozhin Maksat Socialovich - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Regional Center of Phthisiopulmonology, State Municipal Enterprise under the Right of Economic Management, phone: 8 708 260 42 31, е-mail: Adilgozhin@mail.ru, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan;
Ibrayeva Zhanara Beysengalievna - PhD, Senior teacher, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, NJSC "Semey Medical University", phone: 8 708 745 60 17, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7298-7869, e-mail: zhanara.ibrayeva@smu.edu.kz, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan;
Urazalina Nailya Murathanovna - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of physiological disciplines named after honored scientist of the republic of Kazakhstan, professor T.A. Nazarova, phone: 8 777 907 55 89, е-mail: hakim_15@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-1763, Semey, Kazakhstan;
Mukanova Dinara Adletovna - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of simulation and educational technologies, NJSC "Semey Medical University", phone: 8 701 491 98 29, e-mail: mukanova.dinara@smu.edu.kz, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-2346, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan;
Zemlyanskaya Natalya Sergeevna - Master of Medicine, Assistant Department of General practice with a course of evidence-based medicine, NJSC "Astana Medical University", phone: 8 705 500 02 72, e-mail: zemlyanskaya.n@amu.kz, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-3246, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan;
Aitenova Elvira Rustemovna - Assistant Department of General practice with a course of evidence-based medicine, NJSC "Astana Medical University", phone: 8 775 313 08 05, e-mail: aitenova.e@amu.kz,
Shamshudinov Timur Maratovich – PhD, «Medical and diagnostic Center of otorhinolaryngology» PRO-ЛОР, phone: 8 701 204 10 70, e-mail: dr.shamshudinov@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-871X, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan;
Kassym Laura Talgatkyzy – PhD, Associate Professor Department of General practice with a course of evidence-based medicine, NJSC "Astana Medical University", phone: 8 777 735 10 62, е-mail: laura.kassym@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4448-6455, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Kussainova Assiya Abikhasovna - PhD, Acting Associate Professor Department of General practice with a course of evidence-based medicine, NJSC "Astana Medical University", phone: 8 707 498 73 48, e-mail: kuzilas@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000 0002-5738-0804, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan;
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Adilzhanov A.B., Adilgozhin M.S., Ibrayeva Zh.B., Urazalina N.M., Mukanova D.A., Zemlyanskaya N.S., Aitenova E.R., Shamshudinov T.M., Kassym L.T., Kussainova A.A. Analysis of socio-demographic determinants and risk factors of tuberculosis in the Abai region during the period 2014–2022 // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2025. Vol.27 (3), pp. 32-41. doi 10.34689/SH.2025.27.3.004Похожие публикации:
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