COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL MODELS FOR MEDICINE DISPOSAL: CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS, AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS. LITERATURE REVIEW
Background: Unused and expired medicines pose both environmental and epidemiological risks, particularly when improperly disposed of by the public. Leading countries have implemented various models for the collection and safe disposal of pharmaceutical waste to mitigate harm to human health and the environment. This article presents a comparative analysis of international strategies for household medicine disposal, focusing on regulatory frameworks, public behavior, and program effectiveness. The need for systematic approaches in countries lacking established practices is emphasized.
Objective. To compare international models of household medicine disposal, identify effective practices, regulatory approaches, and key challenges, and assess their relevance to public health and environmental safety.
Search strategy. A targeted search of scientific and official literature was conducted for the period 2019–2025. Sources included PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as materials from international organizations (WHO, European Commission, OECD), national health authorities, and environmental agencies. The selection focused on peer-reviewed articles, regulatory documents, and analytical reports containing information on household medicine disposal practices, government policies, citizen involvement, and environmental impacts.
Results and conclusions. Many countries have implemented government or pharmacy-based drug return programs. Their effectiveness depends on regulation and public engagement. In developing regions, such systems are lacking, increasing environmental risks. Structured medicine disposal is essential for health and environmental safety. Adapting successful international models is necessary where such systems are underdeveloped.
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Khismetova Z.A., Iskakova N.S., Sakhariyev E.D., Yerlanuly Ye., Moldabayeva A.B., Akhmetova K.M. Comparative review of international models for medicine disposal: challenges, solutions, and public health implications. Literature review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2025. Vol.27 (6), pp. 202-211. doi 10.34689/SH.2025.27.6.022Похожие публикации:
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