PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE. REVIEW.
Relevance. Today, childhood obesity is a global pandemic. Prevention strategies have proven to be the most effective public health intervention in containing this pandemic. A multicomponent approach, including dietary modification and healthy lifestyle promotion, regular physical activity, minimizing screen time, and behavioral interventions, has been shown to be effective in preventing obesity. Family, school and community involvement is important for long-term outcomes, as is government involvement in policy development that helps create environments and opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity. Combating childhood obesity is challenging. It includes following a structured weight loss program tailored to each child, along with a healthy diet and lifestyle. Anti-obesity drugs play a limited role in childhood and are not recommended for young children. Bariatric surgery is reserved for older adolescents with morbid obesity, but long-term safety data for its use in this age group are limited.
Objective. To analyze literature data on the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity in primary health care level.
Search strategy. The study examined full-text publications in English and Russian that deal with the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity in primary health care settings. The following search engines were used in the process of literature search: Pubmed, Web of science, Cyberleninka, Google Scholar by keywords. The time period was designated 2013-2023. The criteria for inclusion of publications in the review were as follows: full-text publications in Russian and English, which are in the public domain and contain statistically confirmed conclusions. Exclusion Criteria: Brief reports, newspaper articles and personal communications. There were 413 publications on this topic. Of these, 53 publications corresponded to the purpose of our study.
Results and conclusions. Prevention and treatment of childhood obesity is a complex task that requires urgent attention and commitment fr om society, healthcare providers and other stakeholders from related disciplines. Simple approaches that can be deployed to prevent obesity include promoting a balanced diet, sleep hygiene, and a healthy lifestyle. The home, school, and community are critical platforms wh ere behavioral and educational interventions can be administered. A lifelong approach is strongly recommended, starting with maternal nutrition and care, with a continued focus on healthy eating and lifestyle through infancy, childhood and adolescence. Multi-component interventions across all platforms are needed for sustained and significant reductions in obesity.
Akimzhan M. Bahtybai1, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0439-527X
Zaituna A. Khismetova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-3045
Nazym S. Iskakova1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5631-5499
Gulzat Zh. Sarsenbayeva2, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-6528
Kamila M. Akhmetova3, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6257-4337
1 NCJSC “Semey medical university”, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan;
2 JSC “South Kazakhstan Medical Academy”, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan;
3 NCJSC «Astana medical university», Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
1. Al-Khudairy L. et al. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years // The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2017. № 6 (6),P. 31-51.
2. Ash T. et al. Family-based childhood obesity prevention interventions: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis // The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2017. № 1 (14), P.1-12.
3. Berge J.M. et al. Parent conversations about healthful eating and weight: associations with adolescent disordered eating behaviors // JAMA pediatrics. 2013. № 8 (167). P. 746–753.
4. Boutelle K.N. et al. Effect of Attendance of the Child on Body Weight, Energy Intake, and Physical Activity in Childhood Obesity Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial // JAMA pediatrics. 2017. № 7 (171). P. 622–628.
5. Brown T. et al. Interventions for preventing obesity in children // The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2019. № 7 (7), P.26-39.
6. Campbell K.J. et al. A parent-focused intervention to reduce infant obesity risk behaviors: a randomized trial // Pediatrics. 2013. № 4 (131). P. 652–660.
7. Colquitt J.L. et al. Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years // The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2016. № 3 (3), P.12-25.
8. Davoli A.M. et al. Pediatrician-led motivational interviewing to treat overweight children: an RCT // Pediatrics. 2013. № 5 (132), P.1236-1246.
9. Ek A. et al. A Parent Treatment Program for Preschoolers With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial // Pediatrics. 2019. № 2 (144),P.228-251.
10. Elinder L.S. et al. A Healthy School Start Plus for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity in disadvantaged areas through parental support in the school setting - study protocol for a parallel group cluster randomised trial // BMC public health. 2018. № 1 (18), P.1-13.
11. Fidler Mis N. et al. Sugar in Infants, Children and Adolescents: A Position Paper of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition // Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2017. № 6 (65). P. 681–696.
12. Golden N.H. et al. Preventing Obesity and Eating Disorders in Adolescents // Pediatrics. 2016. № 3 (138),P.1-10.
13. Hassink S.G. et al. The Role of the Pediatrician in Primary Prevention of Obesity // Pediatrics. 2015. № 1 (136). C. e275–e292.
14. Howard J.B. et al. Obesogenic Behavior and Weight-Based Stigma in Popular Children’s Movies, 2012 to 2015 // Pediatrics. 2017. № 6 (140),P.1-8.
15. Huang J.S. et al. Childhood obesity for pediatric gastroenterologists // Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2013. № 1 (56). P. 99–109.
16. Jebeile H. et al. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management // The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2022. № 5 (10). P. 351–365.
17. Klein J.D. et al. Prenatal and Pediatric Primary Care-Based Child Obesity Prevention Program: A Randomized Trial // Pediatrics. 2020. № 4 (146),P.1-11.
18. Lenders C.M. et al. Addressing Pediatric Obesity in Ambulatory Care: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? // Current obesity reports. 2016. № 2 (5). P. 214–240.
19. Lessard L.M. et al. Parental Contributors to the Prevalence and Long-term Health Risks of Family Weight Teasing in Adolescence // The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 2021. № 1 (69). P. 74–81.
20. Louise J. et al. The effects of dietary and lifestyle interventions among pregnant women with overweight or obesity on early childhood outcomes: an individual participant data meta-analysis from randomised trials // BMC medicine. 2021. № 1 (19),P.1-15.
21. Mantovani G. et al. Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pseudohypoparathyroidism and Related Disorders: An Updated Practical Tool for Physicians and Patients // Hormone research in paediatrics. 2020. № 3 (93). P. 182–196.
22. Martin A. et al. Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight // The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2018. № 3 (3), P.1-21.
23. Mead E. et al. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years // The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2017. № 6 (6),P.1-25.
24. Muth N.D. et al. Public Policies to Reduce Sugary Drink Consumption in Children and Adolescents // Pediatrics. 2019. № 4 (143),P.1-18.
25. O’Connor E.A. et al. Screening for Obesity and Intervention for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force // JAMA. 2017. № 23 (317). P. 2427–2444.
26. Onis M. de, Branca F. Childhood stunting: a global perspective // Maternal & child nutrition. 2016. № Suppl 1 (12 Suppl 1). P. 12–26.
27. Paruthi S. et al. Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine // Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2016. № 6 (12). P. 785–786.
28. Paul I.M. et al. Effect of a Responsive Parenting Educational Intervention on Childhood Weight Outcomes at 3 Years of Age: The INSIGHT Randomized Clinical Trial // JAMA. 2018. № 5 (320). P. 461–468.
29. Pont S.J. et al. Stigma Experienced by Children and Adolescents With Obesity // Pediatrics. 2017. № 6 (140), P.1-17.
30. Quattrin T. et al. Cost-effectiveness of Family-Based Obesity Treatment // Pediatrics. 2017. № 3 (140),P.1-8.
31. Ray D. et al. Barriers and facilitators to implementing practices for prevention of childhood obesity in primary care: A mixed methods systematic review // Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2022. № 4 (23),P.1-14.
32. Reifsnider E. et al. Randomized Controlled Trial to Prevent Infant Overweight in a High-Risk Population // Academic pediatrics. 2018. № 3 (18). P. 324–333.
33. Resnicow K. et al. Motivational interviewing and dietary counseling for obesity in primary care: an RCT // Pediatrics. 2015. № 4 (135). P. 649–657.
34. Reynolds A.J. et al. A Comprehensive, Multisystemic Early Childhood Program and Obesity at Age 37 Years // JAMA pediatrics. 2021. № 6 (175). P. 637–640.
35. Rhee K.E. et al. Guided Self-Help for Pediatric Obesity in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial // Pediatrics. 2022. № 1 (150),P.1-20.
36. Rollins B.Y. et al. Alternatives to restrictive feeding practices to promote self-regulation in childhood: a developmental perspective // Pediatric obesity. 2016. № 5 (11). P. 326–332.
37. Rubino F. et al. Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity // Nature medicine. 2020. № 4 (26). P. 485–497.
38. Seburg E.M. et al. A Review of Primary Care-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Interventions // Current obesity reports. 2015. № 2 (4). P. 157–173.
39. Sim L.A. et al. Brief Primary Care Obesity Interventions: A Meta-analysis // Pediatrics. 2016. № 4 (138),P.1-14.
40. Sluijs E.M. F. van et al. Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: current evidence and opportunities for intervention // Lancet (London, England). 2021. № 10298 (398). P. 429–442.
41. Smith J.D. et al. An individually tailored family-centered intervention for pediatric obesity in primary care: study protocol of a randomized type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial (Raising Healthy Children study) // Implementation science : IS. 2018. № 1 (13),P.1-15.
42. Styne D.M. et al. Pediatric Obesity-Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline // The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2017. № 3 (102). P. 709–757.
43. Toussaint N. et al. A preschool-based intervention for Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) teachers in promoting healthy eating and physical activity in toddlers: study protocol of the cluster randomized controlled trial PreSchool@HealthyWeight // BMC public health. 2019. №1 (19), P.1-8.
44. Tucker S. et al. The Most Undertreated Chronic Disease: Addressing Obesity in Primary Care Settings // Current obesity reports. 2021. № 3 (10). P. 396–408.
45. Turer C.B. et al. Association of Clinician Behaviors and Weight Change in School-Aged Children // American journal of preventive medicine. 2019. № 3 (57). P. 384–393.
46. Wright D.R. et al. The cost of a primary care-based childhood obesity prevention intervention // BMC health services research. 2014. (14),P.1-7.
47. Yeager L.J., Karp S.M., Leming-Lee T.S. Barriers to the Implementation of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity Guidelines in a School-Based Health Center // The Nursing clinics of North America. 2019. № 1 (54). P. 159–168.
48. Kognito - Practice-based digital learning experiences URL: https://kognito.com/ (accessed: 17.04.2023).
49. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. URL: https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/node?page=1 (accessed: 17.04.2023).
50. Food and Nutrition Service. URL: https://www.fns.usda.gov/cn/nutritional-standards-school-meals (accessed: 17.04.2023).
51. Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/311664 (accessed: 17.04.2023).
52. Ending childhood obesity implementation plan: executive summary report of the commission on.
53. Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations // Pediatrics. 2016. № 2 (138).
Number of Views: 491
Category of articles:
Reviews
Bibliography link
Bahtybai A.M., Khismetova Z.A., Iskakova N.S., Sarsenbayeva G.Zh., Akhmetova K.M. Prevention and treatment of childhood obesity in primary health care. Review // Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2023, (Vol.25) 4, pp. 191-199. doi 10.34689/SH.2023.25.4.024Related publications:
EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING PRACTICE. LITERATURE REVIEW
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR DISPENSARY OBSERVATION OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. LITERATURE REVIEW.
ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF BLEEDING OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.LITERARY REVIEW.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE USE MODERN INTRAMEDULLARY TELESCOPIC RODS USED IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA IN CHILDREN. REVIEW.